{"id":9400,"date":"2026-07-06T03:51:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T19:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=9400"},"modified":"2026-07-06T03:51:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-05T19:51:45","slug":"%e6%88%91%e8%a7%89%e5%be%97%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e6%8c%ba%e6%95%8f%e6%84%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9400","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u795e\u7ecf\u633a\u654f\u611f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"9400\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6211\u53c8\u9677\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u57282021\u5e74\u770b\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u770b\u5b8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5fd8\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u6211\u7b97\u662f\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6982\u3002\u60f3\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8be5\u5e72\u6b63\u4e8b\u4e86\uff1b\u91cf\u7eb2\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8fde\u540c\u51dd\u80f6\u5316\u4e34\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5148\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u628a\u76ee\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6982\u89c8\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u4e2a\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5199\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08operationalism\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u73af\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\uff08quantity\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u6d4b\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4efb\u4e00\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b83\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5f88\u597d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/fall2009\/entries\/operationalism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hasok Chang (2009)<\/a>\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e86\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5e94\u529b\u548c\u5e94\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u51fb\u4e2d\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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Scott-Blair\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u3002\u626f\u8fdc\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ee5\u201c\u6570\u5b66\u5f0f\u5b50\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u201d\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982Rivlin\uff0cZapas\uff0cGent\uff0c\u5305\u62ecScott-Blair\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u90fd\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u3002Rivlin\u4efb\u804c\u4e8eBritish Rubber Producers Research Association\uff08BRPRA\uff09\u3002Zapa\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u5c40\u3002Gent\u4e5f\u5728BRPRA\u4efb\u8fc7\u804c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u4ea7\u51fa\u90fd\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u5341\u5206\u5951\u5408\u3002BKZ\uff08Z for Zapas\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u6d4b\u6027\u800c\u4e3aRivlin\u7684\u201csimple materials\u201d\u589e\u52a0postulation\u3002\u5f0f\u5b50\u4e00\u5217\u5b8c\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662fScott-Blair\u7684\u539f\u4e66\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7Scott-Blair\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u548c\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u518d\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eScott-Blair\u59bb\u5b50\u662f\u641e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u611f\u89c2\u8bc4\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u601d\u8003\u3002\u611f\u89c2\u8bc4\u6d4b\uff08sensory assessment\uff09\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u5e76\u5927\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u65e5\u7528\u5316\u5de5\u54c1\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46Scott-Blair\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e89\u8bae\u3002 \u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b66\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u4e0e\u611f\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e38\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5355\u5355\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u8bd5\u6837\u62ff\u5230\u65cb\u8f6c\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u4e0a\u65bd\u5c55\u4e00\u5927\u901a\u5404\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u2014\u2014\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u62ff\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bd5\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u534a\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u611f\u89c2\u8bc4\u6d4b\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u62ff\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd5\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u611f\u89c2\u8bc4\u6d4b\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u60f3\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u611f\u89c2\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u505a\u611f\u89c2\u8bc4\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ece\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u611f\u89c2\u6548\u679c\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u7531\u4e8e\u611f\u89c2\u8bc4\u6d4b\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\u6210\u672c\u786e\u5b9e\u8f83\u9ad8\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e2\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5f80\u5f80\u5e76\u4e0d\u666e\u9002\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u4e5f\u5927\u4e3a\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u7528\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002 2. Hans Gerd Muller\u7684\u4e66 H. Muller (1973), An Introduction to Food Rheology, Crane, Russak & Company, Inc. \u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4e66\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u7cbe\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u73cd\u85cf\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7OpenLibrary\u5728\u7ebf\u501f\u9605\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7f51\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002 \u540cScott-Blair\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Muller\u662f\u98df\u54c1\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff08Proctor Department of Food and Leather\u2026","rel":"","context":"In 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M\u00f8ller, P., Fall, A., & Bonn, D. (2009). Origin of apparent viscosity in yield stress fluids below yielding EPL (Europhysics Letters), 87 (3) DOI: 10.1209\/0295-5075\/87\/38004[2] Barnes, H., & Walters, K. (1985). The yield stress myth? Rheologica Acta, 24 (4), 323-326 DOI: 10.1007\/BF01333960[3] Barnes, H. (1999). 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\\sin \\left ( \\omega t+\\delta \\right )[\/eq]\u3002 \u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u61c2\u6d41\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u505a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff09\u5c31\u662f[eq]G'[\/eq]\u3001[eq]G''[\/eq]~[eq]\\omega[\/eq]\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\u201d\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7[eq]G'[\/eq]\u548c[eq]G''[\/eq]\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7ebf\u578b\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a \u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u6211\u914d\u5236\u7684\u5408\u6210\u9502\u85fb\u571fLaponite\u51dd\u80f6\u7684\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0[eq]G''[\/eq]\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1f\u503c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002 \u4e00\u53f0\u5e94\u53d8\u63a7\u5236\u578b\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u82e5\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u7ed9\u6837\u54c1\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u5b9a\u9891\u7387[eq]\\omega[\/eq]\u548c\u5e45\u5ea6[eq]\\gamma[\/eq]\u7684\u6b63\u5f26\u5e94\u53d8[eq]\\gamma \\left ( t \\right ) = \\gamma_0 \\sin \\left ( \\omega t \\right)[\/eq]\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5939\u5177\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u8bb0\u5f55\u6837\u54c1\u5411\u5939\u5177\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u8f6c\u77e9\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5939\u5177\u5f62\u72b6\u548cGap\u503c\u6362\u7b97\u6210\u5e94\u53d8[eq]\\sigma \\left ( t \\right )[\/eq]\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b[eq]\\sigma \\left ( t \\right )=\\sigma_0 \\sin \\left ( \\omega t + \\delta \\right )[\/eq]\u3002\u4eea\u54c1\u4ec5\u9700\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u51c6\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\uff1a[eq]\\sigma_0[\/eq]\uff08\u4ece\u5728\u8f6c\u77e9\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6700\u503c\u6362\u7b97\uff09\u548c[eq]\\delta[\/eq]\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f6c\u77e9\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5e94\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u5dee[eq]\\Delta t[\/eq]\u6362\u7b97\uff0c\u89c1\u7b2c1\u5e45\u56fe\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c[eq]\\Delta t=\\frac{\\delta}{\\omega}[\/eq]\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf8\u5982[eq]G'[\/eq]\u3001[eq]\\eta'[\/eq]\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982[eq]G''=\\frac {\\sigma_0}{\\gamma_0} \\sin \\left( \\omega \\right\u2026","rel":"","context":"In 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