{"id":9332,"date":"2025-12-22T02:47:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-21T18:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=9332"},"modified":"2025-12-22T03:04:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T19:04:37","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e5%90%8d%e5%ad%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9332","title":{"rendered":"\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u540d\u5b57"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"9332\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u90ce\uff08Mizushima Sanichiro\uff09\u5728Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u600e\u4e48\u53cd\u601d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u8bef\u4f1a\u4e86\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u58eb\u3002\u6211\u624b\u5934\u4e0a\u6709\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u7684\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u6717\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u90ce\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u5316\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u201dwhat to do over what to know\u201c\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5341\u5206\u7cbe\u786e\u800c\u4e14\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u754c\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u56fd\u4eba\u5411\u5b66\u4e4b\u8bda\u3002\u81ea\u8fd1\u4e16\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u672f\u3002\u6108\u76ca\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002\u51e1\u4eba\u7fa4\u6240\u5f85\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u4e4b\u667a\u8bc6\u3002\u6709\u6761\u7406\u4f26\u810a\u53ef\u62bd\u7ece\u8005\u3002\u83ab\u4e0d\u5217\u4e3a\u4e13\u79d1\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u660e\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u7384\u800c\u54f2\u7406\u6570\u672f\u3002\u5927\u800c\u5efa\u8239\u7b51\u8def\u3002\u7ec6\u800c\u65e5\u7528\u670d\u98df\u3002\u7686\u5f97\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u5360\u4e00\u5e2d\u7109\u3002\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u65e8\u3002\u591a\u5728\u81f4\u7528\u3002\u81f4\u7528\u4e4b\u6781\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u6d45\u5c1d\u80a4\u53d7\u3002\u5f97\u4e00\u80fd\u81ea\u7ed9\u3002\u5145\u7136\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8db3\u3002\u800c\u65e0\u590d\u6df1\u9020\u4e4b\u60f3\u8005\u3002\u592b\u4eca\u4e4b\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5176\u672c\u80fd\u5728\u6c42\u771f\u3002\u5176\u65c1\u80fd\u5728\u81f4\u7528\u3002\u4e0a\u6cbb\u4e4b\u56fd\u3002\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5398\u7136\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u707f\u70c2\u8005\u3002\u65e0\u975e\u98df\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u8d50\u3002\u81f4\u7528\u4e4b\u65e0\u5bb3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u53c8\u4f55\u5f85\u8a00\u3002\u987e\u65e0\u59d4\u5fc3\u4e13\u5fd7\u3002\u53d1\u6124\u5fd8\u98df\u4e4b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u79ef\u5176\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e4b\u52e4\u3002\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e4b\u52b3\u3002\u601d\u8fa8\u4e4b\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8bbe\u7acb\u516c\u4f8b\u3002\u542f\u793a\u5927\u51e1\u3002\u4ee4\u540e\u4eba\u5f97\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u520a\u4ee5\u62b5\u9ad8\u660e\u4e4b\u57df\u3002\u5219\u8fd1\u4e16\u6b27\u6d32\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u4ecd\u5982\u4e2d\u4e16\u4e4b\u9ed1\u6697\u53ef\u4e5f\u3002\u662f\u6545\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u754c\u4e4b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4e3a\u5b66\u800c\u5b66\u3002\u4e50\u4ee5\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e4b\u54f2\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u5229\u800c\u5b66\u3002\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e3a\u5e02\u4e4b\u534e\u58eb\u3002\u5f7c\u8eab\u4e8b\u95ee\u5b66\u3002\u5fc3\u8426\u597d\u7235\u3002\u4ee5\u5b66\u672f\u4e3a\u68af\u8363\u81f3\u663e\u4e4b\u5177\u3002\u5f97\u4e4b\u5219\u5f03\u82e5\u655d\u5c63\u3002\u7edd\u7136\u4e0d\u590d\u53cd\u987e\u8005\u3002\u5176\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e0e\u5b66\u95ee\u4e4b\u4e8b\u660e\u77e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c34\u5c9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f15\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u6362\u8001\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5708\u5c31\u5e38\u8bf4\u8981\u201c Japanese spirit and Western technology\u201d\uff0c\u9887\u4f3c\u6211\u56fd\u6e05\u672b\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f53\u3001\u897f\u5b66\u4e3a\u7528\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u201c\u5168\u76d8\u897f\u5316\u201d\u3001\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u6b27\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8131\u4e9a\u5165\u6b27\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u76f8\u5de6\u3002\u6709\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u8131\u4e9a\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u867d\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u660e\u6cbb\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081885\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u6587\u81ea\u662d\u548c26\u5e74\uff081951\u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u300a\u671d\u91ce\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5728\u8131\u4e9a\u8bba\u4e00\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u80fd\u5e73\u7b49\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u300a\u65f6\u4e8b\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5bf9\u6e05\u5f00\u6218\u8bba\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u300a\u671d\u91ce\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5bf9\u201c\u8131\u4e9a\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u6e6e\u6ca1\u5728\u4e86\u8511\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u8206\u8bba\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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Ostwald\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8ddfK. 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">50\u5e74\u4ee3\u59cb\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\uff08Ei Teramoto\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u628a\u96c6\u56e2\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u57281951~1952\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u96c6\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u94fe\uff08\u4f53\u79ef\u6392\u9664\u6548\u5e94\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5e26\u9886\u5c71\u672c\u4e09\u4e09\u4e09\uff08Misazo Yamamoto\uff09\u548c\u677e\u7530\u535a\u55e3\uff08Matsuda Hirotsugu\uff09\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u683c\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u53c8\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7269\u6027\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u9886\u5148\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u683c\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65e9\u57281941\u5e74Bethe\u4f5c\u4e86\u201c\u51c6\u5316\u5b66\u8fd1\u4f3c\u201d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u5e74\u9ad8\u6728\u8c4a\uff08Yutaka Takagi\uff09\u5c31\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bb0\u4e8b\u7b2c3\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5e38\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e3a\u201cBethe&#8211;\u9ad8\u6728\u8fd1\u4f3c\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e3\u7ef4\u683c\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u975e\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u81ea30\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728Fowler\u3001 Guggenheim\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f20\u5b97\u71e7\uff08\u89c1<a href=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9243\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"9243\">\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\uff09\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u572840\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u3001\u674e\u836b\u8fdc\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u85e4\u4ee3\u4eae\u4e00\uff08Ryoichi Funshiro\uff09\u3001\u77f3\u539f\u660e\uff08Akira Isihara\uff09\u3001\u83ca\u6c60\u826f\u4e00\uff08Ryoichi Kikuchi\uff09\u3001\u6c34\u8c37\u5bbd\uff08Hiroshi Mizutani\uff09\u548c\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4e0e\u6a2a\u6d5c\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e98\u7406\u9054\u90ce\uff08Tatsuro Watari\uff09\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u8868\u683c\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u636e\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u56de\u5fc6\uff08\u8bd1\u81ea\u65e5\u6587\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5c06\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u5165\u7530\u6751\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u4f4d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u751f\u5ca9\u5d0e\u6d69\u4e00\u90ce\u3002\u4e34\u8fd1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u5f04\u6765\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6837\u54c1\u5f00\u59cb\u6d4b\u91cf\u56fa\u6709\u7c98\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u6742\u5fd7\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f17\u6d1b\u91cc\u6392\u963b\u4f53\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u9ad8\u547c\u201c\u672a\u6765\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4fbf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e09\u83f1\u5316\u6210\u516c\u53f8\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e1950\u5e743\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u7406\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u7a3b\u57a3\u535a\u3001\u519c\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u85e4\u7530\u535a\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u8be5\u5b66\u4f1a\u540e\u6765\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u5bfa\u672c\u5148\u751f\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4f53\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5fae\u6270\u5c55\u5f00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c71\u672c\u4e09\u4e09\u4e09\u5148\u751f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u62df\u7f51\u683c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4ea6\u4e0e\u4e98\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u56e2\u7c07\u53d8\u5206\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6eb6\u6db2\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c71\u5ddd\u88d5\u5df3\uff08Hiromi Yamakawa\uff09\u5c31\u662f<em>Modern Theory of Polymer Solutions<\/em>\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u685c\u7530\u4e00\u90ce\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6eb6\u6db2\u7edf\u8ba1\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u94fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u59cb\u4e8e\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u548c\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86McMillan&#8211;Mayer\u5de8\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u94fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u94fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u975e\u9ad8\u65af\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0b\u5747\u65b9\u672b\u7aef\u8ddd\u548c\u5747\u65b9\u56de\u8f6c\u534a\u5f84\u662f\u5173\u8054\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fe\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u6027\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u94fe\u672c\u5f81\u6392\u65a5\u4f53\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6eb6\u5242\u94fe\u6bb5\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u6392\u65a5\u4f53\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u529b\u7cfb\u6570\u3001 theta\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7c98\u6570\u3001\u65e0\u6270\u5747\u65b9\u56de\u8f6c\u534a\u5f84\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u3002Zimm, Stockmayer\u548cFixman\u57281953\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u7b80\u5316\u52bf\u80fd\u53c2\u6570$\\beta$\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cf\u90fd\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e$z\\sim\\beta N^{1\/2}$\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u968e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u5c71\u5ddd\u5c31\u94fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5747\u65b9\u672b\u7aef\u8ddd\u548c\u56de\u8f6c\u534a\u5f84\u7ed9\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u968e\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5c31\u7279\u6027\u7c98\u6570\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u6bd4\u548cFlory&#8211;Fox\u7279\u6027\u7c98\u6570\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a$\\Phi$\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cKirkwood&#8211;Riseman\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86theta\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c71\u5ddd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u826f\u6eb6\u5242\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u968e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c71\u672c\u4e09\u4e09\u4e09\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u7591\u4f3c\u9886\u5148\u4e8eLodge\u548cGreen&#8211;Tobolsky\u7ed9\u51fa\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u822c\u5f15\u7528\u4ed61958\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.\u4e0a\u7684\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e9\u57281952\u5e74\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u7269\u6027\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7cfb\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u8ddf\u8e2a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7530\u6751\u5e79\u96c4\uff08Mikio Tamuro\uff09\u5e26\u9886\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\uff08Micho Kurata\uff09\u3001\u5c0f\u9ad8\u5fe0\u7537\uff08Tadao Kotaka\uff09\u8fdb\u884cWeissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c31\u5e38\u62ff\u5c71\u672c\u4e09\u4e09\u4e09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u5916\u5c31\u81ea\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u65e9\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u65e5\u6587\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u518d\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u9694\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u624d\u518d\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u53d1\u8868\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u671f\u520a\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u671f\u520a\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u201d\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e2d\u5ddd\u9e64\u592a\u90ce\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u6700\u65e9\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\uff08among the first\uff09\u7814\u7a76Weissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u8981\u7b49\u5230Weissenberg\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u89d2\u4eea\u201d\uff08Rheogoniometer\uff09\u5546\u7528\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u3002 \u6211\u5e08\u7237\u85e4\u7530\u535a\u5f53\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u719f\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\uff09\u641e\u5230\u4e86Roberts\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u90e8\u62a5\u544aADE13\/52\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u6570\u5e74\u540eWeissenberg\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u5546\u7528\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u5c0f\u9ad8\u5fe0\u7537\u4ec5\u8017\u8d44\u4e24\u4e07\u65e5\u5143\u624b\u5de5\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u57281956\u5e74\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u548c\u5c0f\u9ad8\u5fe0\u7537\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u6cd5\u5411\u5e94\u529b\u4e0e\u975e\u725b\u987f\u7c98\u6027\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57281960\u5e74\u56e0\u8bba\u6587\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e0d\u5e78\u5ef6\u8bef\u800c\u9519\u5931\u56fd\u9645\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\uff1a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u7c98\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u904d\u89c81950\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6210\u679c\u662f\u9886\u5148\u7684\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ece\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5230\u9886\u5148\uff0c\u53ea\u82b1\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1953\u5e74Flory\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1953\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u7269symposia\uff0cFlory\u548cKirkwood\u90fd\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5404\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u4f5c\u4e86\u94fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u77f3\u539f\u660e\u4f5c\u4e86\u6a61\u80f6\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9ad8\u65af\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6ca1\u5bf9\u5e94\u9519\uff0c\u4ed6\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u7684\u662f\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u94fe\uff08\u4f4d\u963b\u6548\u5e94\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5927\u5f62\u53d8\u4e0b\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5c0f\u5f62\u53d8\u4e0b\u4e5f\u504f\u79bb\u9ad8\u65af\u94fe\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002Flory\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5bf91950\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u5f39\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7248\u672c\u5341\u5206defensive\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u7834\u574f\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u6761\u7b80\u5355\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Flory\u5bf9\u77f3\u539f\u660e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5c31\u662f\u6279\u5224\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8bf4\u5927\u5f62\u53d8\u6709\u5565\u4e0d\u5bf9\u90fd\u602a\u7ed3\u6676\uff0c\u4f60\u6ca1\u505aX\u7ebf\u6392\u9664\u5c31\u5565\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u3002\u8981\u4e48\u8bf4\u5c0f\u5f62\u53d8\u8fd8\u6709Wang &amp; Guth\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u602a\u975e\u9ad8\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flory\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u751fJ. E. Mark\u5728\u56de\u51fb\u65b0\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u5f39\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5c31\u662fconfirmation bias\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u6807\u201d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u53bb\u6252\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u94fe\u7edf\u8ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0cFlory\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u662f\u201camong the first\u201d\u3002\u4f46Flory\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u63a8\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a$\\alpha^5-\\alpha^3$\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u5c31\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6270\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5f20\u6bd4\u3002Kirkwood &amp; Risemand\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6697\u793a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7c98\u6570\u6269\u5f20\u6bd4\u8ddf\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6269\u5f20\u6bd4\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002Flory\u5e38\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5374\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u573a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u53c2\u4f1a\u7684\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>1953\u5e74\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u9996\u6b21\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u2014\u2014\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\u53ec\u5f00\u3002\u53d7\u9080\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5bfa\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ed3\u5408\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5fae\u6270\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u516c\u5e03\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u6676\u683c\u94fe\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u914d\u7f6e\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4f53\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u503c\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u94fe\u6761\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u534f\u52a9\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e86\u94fe\u957f\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc720\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7d27\u968f\u5f17\u6d1b\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u4e4b\u540e\u767b\u573a\u7684\u5bfa\u672c\u5148\u751f\u6f14\u8bb2\u582a\u79f0\u538b\u8f74\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u7ec8\u4e8e\u9886\u609f\u4e86\u6392\u65a5\u4f53\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u540e\u7eed\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5c55\u671b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7eb5\u89c2\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u6548\u5e94\u8005\u4ecd\u5c5e\u51e4\u6bdb\u9e9f\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u57281953\u5e74Flory\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4f1a\u8bf4\u51fa<a href=\"https:\/\/chenjiang.fudan.edu.cn\/_upload\/article\/files\/bd\/84\/c621b7bb4683b849718fdee61af1\/91d345e1-60ed-4a13-ab96-6d1526065a4e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4ed61978\u5e74\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\uff01<\/a>\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6559\u6750\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e5f\u6ca1\u8d85\u8fc71978\u5e74\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u522b\u8bf4\u80fd\u51fa\u51e0\u4e2a\u201camong the first\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u8d34\u4e00\u6b21\u5f00\u5934\u8d34\u8fc7\u7684\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u6587\u5b57\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u56fd\u4eba\u5411\u5b66\u4e4b\u8bda\u3002\u81ea\u8fd1\u4e16\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u672f\u3002\u6108\u76ca\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002\u51e1\u4eba\u7fa4\u6240\u5f85\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u4e4b\u667a\u8bc6\u3002\u6709\u6761\u7406\u4f26\u810a\u53ef\u62bd\u7ece\u8005\u3002\u83ab\u4e0d\u5217\u4e3a\u4e13\u79d1\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u660e\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u7384\u800c\u54f2\u7406\u6570\u672f\u3002\u5927\u800c\u5efa\u8239\u7b51\u8def\u3002\u7ec6\u800c\u65e5\u7528\u670d\u98df\u3002\u7686\u5f97\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u5360\u4e00\u5e2d\u7109\u3002\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u65e8\u3002\u591a\u5728\u81f4\u7528\u3002\u81f4\u7528\u4e4b\u6781\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u6d45\u5c1d\u80a4\u53d7\u3002\u5f97\u4e00\u80fd\u81ea\u7ed9\u3002\u5145\u7136\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8db3\u3002\u800c\u65e0\u590d\u6df1\u9020\u4e4b\u60f3\u8005\u3002\u592b\u4eca\u4e4b\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5176\u672c\u80fd\u5728\u6c42\u771f\u3002\u5176\u65c1\u80fd\u5728\u81f4\u7528\u3002\u4e0a\u6cbb\u4e4b\u56fd\u3002\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5398\u7136\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u707f\u70c2\u8005\u3002\u65e0\u975e\u98df\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u8d50\u3002\u81f4\u7528\u4e4b\u65e0\u5bb3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u53c8\u4f55\u5f85\u8a00\u3002\u987e\u65e0\u59d4\u5fc3\u4e13\u5fd7\u3002\u53d1\u6124\u5fd8\u98df\u4e4b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u79ef\u5176\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e4b\u52e4\u3002\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e4b\u52b3\u3002\u601d\u8fa8\u4e4b\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8bbe\u7acb\u516c\u4f8b\u3002\u542f\u793a\u5927\u51e1\u3002\u4ee4\u540e\u4eba\u5f97\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u520a\u4ee5\u62b5\u9ad8\u660e\u4e4b\u57df\u3002\u5219\u8fd1\u4e16\u6b27\u6d32\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u4ecd\u5982\u4e2d\u4e16\u4e4b\u9ed1\u6697\u53ef\u4e5f\u3002\u662f\u6545\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u754c\u4e4b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4e3a\u5b66\u800c\u5b66\u3002\u4e50\u4ee5\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e4b\u54f2\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u5229\u800c\u5b66\u3002\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e3a\u5e02\u4e4b\u534e\u58eb\u3002\u5f7c\u8eab\u4e8b\u95ee\u5b66\u3002\u5fc3\u8426\u597d\u7235\u3002\u4ee5\u5b66\u672f\u4e3a\u68af\u8363\u81f3\u663e\u4e4b\u5177\u3002\u5f97\u4e4b\u5219\u5f03\u82e5\u655d\u5c63\u3002\u7edd\u7136\u4e0d\u590d\u53cd\u987e\u8005\u3002\u5176\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e0e\u5b66\u95ee\u4e4b\u4e8b\u660e\u77e3\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 9332 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66 \u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u90ce\uff08Mizushima Sanichiro\uff09\u5728Annu. 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Chem.\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u600e\u4e48\u53cd\u601d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u8bef\u4f1a\u4e86\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u58eb\u3002\u6211\u624b\u5934\u4e0a\u6709\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u7684\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u6717\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u90ce\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u5316\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u201dwhat 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technology\u201d\uff0c\u9887\u4f3c\u6211\u56fd\u6e05\u672b\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f53\u3001\u897f\u5b66\u4e3a\u7528\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u201c\u5168\u76d8\u897f\u5316\u201d\u3001\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u6b27\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8131\u4e9a\u5165\u6b27\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u76f8\u5de6\u3002\u6709\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u8131\u4e9a\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u867d\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u660e\u6cbb\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081885\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u6587\u81ea\u662d\u548c26\u5e74\uff081951\u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u300a\u671d\u91ce\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5728\u8131\u4e9a\u8bba\u4e00\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u80fd\u5e73\u7b49\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u300a\u65f6\u4e8b\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5bf9\u6e05\u5f00\u6218\u8bba\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u300a\u671d\u91ce\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5bf9\u201c\u8131\u4e9a\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u6e6e\u6ca1\u5728\u4e86\u8511\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u8206\u8bba\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 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adhesive\uff0cPSA\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0d\u5e72\u80f6\u3002\u5377\u6210\u4e00\u5377\u5356\u7684\u900f\u660e\u80f6\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f62\u6001\u3002Post-it\u4fbf\u5229\u8d34\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5c42\u80f6\u7c98\u5242\u4e5f\u662f\u538b\u654f\u80f6\u3002\u538b\u654f\u80f6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u63ed\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u7c98\u5f97\u4f4f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5bf9\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u2014\u2014\u7c98\u5f97\u4f4f\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u63ed\u5219\u662f\u6682\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u7ec6\u81f4\u8c03\u6574\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u80fd\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u4e43\u81f3\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u6e90\u81ea3M\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5df2\u6545\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Carl A. 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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u4e5f\u6070\u597d\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u8bd5\u9519\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u8fbe\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5145\u5f53\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5de5\u7a0b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684COSMAT\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u662f\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u201c\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u607f\u8005\u3002\u538b\u654f\u80f6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff08performance\uff09\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff08property\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u538b\u654f\u80f6\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7194\u4f53\u6216\u6d53\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u672b\u7aef\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u73bb\u7483\u533a\uff08terminal\/plateau\/transition\/glass 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\u6211\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5ddd\u81ea\u8ff0\u7684\u642d\u5efa\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u656c\u4f69\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u539f\u6587\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u8fc7\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u957f\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u91cf\u8005\u3002\u5728\u539f\u7530\u91cd\u6cbb\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8bb2\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2d\u5ddd\u9e64\u592a\u90ce\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5ddd\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u653b\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u642d\u5efa\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u7269\u8d44\u5f88\u7d27\u7f3a\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u719f\u77e5\u5404\u7c7b\u4e94\u91d1\u7535\u8def\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u642d\u5efa\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u7ec6\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u4e13\u4e1a\u5206\u5f97\u66f4\u7ec6\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba9\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u5e38\u8bc6\u201d\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u6216\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u5206\u5de5\u7ec6\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5305\u529e\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u56e0\u5206\u5de5\u7ec6\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u56e0\u5e38\u8bc6\u6b20\u7f3a\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u5462\uff1f \u201c\u4e45\u5c71\u6c0f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d \u6211\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ddd\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u520a\u300aKagaku\u300b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5e74\u9976\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e45\u5c71\u6c0f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e45\u5c71\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5e94\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u578b\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u3002 \u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c2009\u5e74\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5728\u8bfb\u7814\u65f6\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u6ce1\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u62c9\u4e1d\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6709\u6210\u679c\u5417\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u4ed6\u5728BCSJ\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\uff1aSpinnability of Liquid. A visco-elastic State. I & II\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u300b\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u62c9\u4e1d\u6027\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u201d\u63d2\u56fe\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587I\u4e2d\u7684Fig. 3\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u501f\u9274\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u8bba\u6587II\u4e2d\u7684Fig. 2\u3002 \u9c81\u8fc5 \u4e2d\u5ddd\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u9c81\u8fc5\u3002 1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u5ddd\u57281967\u5e743\u6708\u53f7\u7684\u300a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff08\u4f55\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\uff09\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6292\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u9c81\u8fc5\u3002\u800c\u57281970\u5e74\u53c8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8ddf\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u60f3\u8981\u6d17\u8131\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fb5\u72af\u65e5\u672c\u6743\u76ca\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u5f88\u7cbe\u5f69\uff1a \u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u201c\u9524\u5b50\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u6325\u821e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u6325\u821e\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002 \u6211\u4ece\u4e2d\u5ddd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9c81\u8fc5\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u85e4\u91ce\u5148\u751f\u3002 \u5728\u7985\u5bfa\u7684\u95e8\u524d\u5f98\u5f8a 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