{"id":9305,"date":"2025-11-16T09:44:47","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T01:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=9305"},"modified":"2025-11-16T09:44:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T01:44:47","slug":"%e6%a9%a1%e8%83%b6%e7%83%ad%e6%9c%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9305","title":{"rendered":"\u6a61\u80f6\u70ed\u673a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u590d\u523b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002YouTube\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u89c6\u9891\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662fKarlsruhe Institute of Technology\u505a\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6e\u5b50\u7684\u6a61\u76ae\u7b4b\u8fde\u5230\u5185\u5708\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u504f\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f53\u51b7\u70ed\u4e24\u9762\u76ae\u7b4b\u5f20\u529b\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u529b\u77e9\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e16\u5b50<\/a>\u5374\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ecd\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u662f\u5916\u6846\u5f62\u53d8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u91cd\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8bb2\u4e49\uff081960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09 \u66f4\u65e9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u6a61\u80f6\u7684\u663e\u8457\u70ed\u5f39\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u70ed\u673a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fWiegand\u548cSnyder\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u5355\u6446[1]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u57281933\u5e74\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e16\u535a\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86150\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"
Wiegand\u7684\u5355\u6446<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u8d39\u66fc\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8f6e\u5b50\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531Wiegand\u4e8e1925\u5e74\u62a5\u9053\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6e\u5b50\u662f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u76ae\u7b4b\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\u8fde\u5230\u5185\u5708\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8f6e\u6846\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u8f74\u662f\u66f2\u8f8a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76ae\u7b4b\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\u80fd\u4f7f\u66f2\u8f8a\u65cb\u8f6c\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u6362\u9700\u8981\u5916\u6846\u76f8\u5bf9\u8721\u70db\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Wiegand, 1925<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u7ed3\u7f14\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5982\u7b4b\u8171\uff09\u4e0e\u6a61\u80f6\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\uff08Flory\u4e5f\u9677\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u4e89\u5435\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u5199\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u7528\u7b4b\u8171\u505a\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5[2]<\/a><\/span>\u3002R. Hayward\u57281956\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ad6\u76f4\u8f6e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002Cox\u4e5f\u62a5\u9053[3]<\/a><\/span>\u4e86\u7ad6\u76f4\u7684\u8f6e\u5b50\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u9053\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u9760\u91cd\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u6211\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u504f\u5fc3\u626d\u77e9\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u6982\u5728\u8d39\u66fc\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u8f90\u5c04\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684Paul. B. Archibald\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u673a\uff0c\u7531C. L. Stong\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u300b1971\u5e744\u6708\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Wiegand\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

Wiegand’s inspiration to construct a rubber engine came one afternoon in 1920 as he was lecturing to a group of students at McGill University. He later gave the following account: “To demonstrate the Joule effect, I strung a bundle of rubber bands from the high ciling of the lecture room and by a weight stretched them to 500 per cent elongation. When a battery of Bunsen burners was placed beneath the stretched rubber, the weight leaped upwards; when the burners were removed, the weight sagged. The students seemed impressed by seeing heat induce contraction. I shared their interest, but in addition I also saw Carnot’s cycle: the reversible cycle in which heat is absorbed at high temperature and discharged at high temperature and discharged at a lower temperature. Here, I thought, is a potential heat engine. Subsequently I shared my hunch with a collaborator, H. F. Schipple, who was endowed with mechanical genius. As a result we constructed two heat engines, one reciprocating (in the form of pendulum) and the other rotating-a rubber motor”<\/p>\nWiegand, 1920<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8d39\u66fc\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0eWiegand (1925) \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff08\u8f6e\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u70ed\u673a\u62a5\u9053[4]<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

References<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. <\/a>\nW.B. Wiegand, and J.W. Snyder, \"The Rubber Pendulum, the Joule Effect, and the Dynamic Stress-Strain Curve\", Rubber Chemistry and Technology<\/i>, vol. 8, pp. 151-173, 1935. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5254\/1.3539424<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  2. <\/a>\nM.G.M. PRYOR, \"Heat Exchanges of a Muscle Model\", Nature<\/i>, vol. 171, pp. 213-213, 1953. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/171213a0<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  3. <\/a>\nE.G. Cox, \"A heat engine run by rubber\", Journal of Chemical Education<\/i>, vol. 31, pp. 307, 1954. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/ed031p307<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  4. <\/a>\nJ.G. Mullen, G.W. Look, and J. Konkel, \"Thermodynamics of a simple rubber-band heat engine\", American Journal of Physics<\/i>, vol. 43, pp. 349-353, 1975. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1119\/1.9852<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Hayward\u57281956\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ad6\u76f4\u8f6e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002Cox\u4e5f\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u7ad6\u76f4\u7684\u8f6e\u5b50\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u9053\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u9760\u91cd\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u6211\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u504f\u5fc3\u626d\u77e9\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002 50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c \u5927\u6982\u5728\u8d39\u66fc\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u8f90\u5c04\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684Paul. B. Archibald\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u673a\uff0c\u7531C. L. Stong\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u300b1971\u5e744\u6708\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Wiegand\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002 Wiegand’s inspiration to construct a rubber engine came one afternoon in 1920 as he was lecturing to a group of students at McGill University. He later gave the following account: “To demonstrate the Joule effect, I strung a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[212],"tags":[150,174],"class_list":["post-9305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tagged","tag-polymer-physics","tag-science-history"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1aPvF-2q5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2980,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/2980","url_meta":{"origin":9305,"position":0},"title":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5185\u5bb9@KIT","author":"Andrew","date":"2011\u5e745\u670818\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"Q\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49 \u4e0a\u5348\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5b66\u751fDeepak Ahirwal\u5411\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5173\u6ce8LAOS\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bdd\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053medium amplitude oscillatory shear\uff08MAOS\uff09\u548cQ\u53c2\u6570\uff08Macromolecules, 2009, 42, 411-422\uff09\u3002MAOS\u7684Q\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eI3\/1 ~ \u03b30m\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7194\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ebf\u578b\u805a\u5408\u7269m = 2\uff0c\u5bf9\u652f\u5316\u805a\u5408\u7269m < 2\u3002\u6700\u8fd1Wagner (J. 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Klein\u3001Ms Weiland\u548c\u6211\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u5403\u7684\u5348\u996d\u3002\u5348\u996d\u540eC. Klein\u5e26\u6211\u53bb\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\uff0cProf. Whilhelm\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eea\u5668\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9ad8\u8f6c\u77e9\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a61\u80f6\u751a\u81f3\u5851\u6599\u7684\u526a\u5207\u5f62\u53d8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u521a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6ed1\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u6837\u54c1\u4e0a\u4e0b\u677f\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5e72\u8106\u5212\u4e86\u597d\u591a\u9053\u7684\u5751\uff0c\u6837\u54c1\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u677f\u4e2d\u6210\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5751\u5361\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u505aLAOS\u800c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751ffracture\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff082 ~ 8 bar\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u5982\u649e\u8f66\u3001\u8f6e\u8239\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b66\u751fMahdi Abbasi\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u662f\u4ed6\u5728seminar\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u3002 \u5d4c\u6bb5\u5171\u805a\u7269\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u526a\u5207\u53d6\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b \u4e0b\u5348Alicia Malek\u5411\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5979\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5979\u662f\u5408\u6210PS-PLLA\u5d4c\u6bb5\u5171\u805a\u7269\u7684\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u83b7\u5f97lamellar\u7684morphology\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u62ff\u53bb\u505aLAOS\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5979\u7684PS\u662f\u80fd\u8fc7\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u805a\u5408\u5236\u5907\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5171\u805a\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7528ATRP\u505a\uff0c\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002PS-PLLA\u6837\u54c1\u5728LAOS\u4e0b\u5c42\u53e0\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u7ed3\u6784\u968f\u526a\u5207\u65b9\u5411\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230I3\/1\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u5448\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5957\u8def\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6309\u7167Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2007, 208, 1719-1729\u6765\u505a\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u7855\u58eb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u505aPEO-PLLA\u5171\u805a\u7684\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u548c\u5979\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u548c\u7ed3\u6676\u5ea6\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5979\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6 \u4e0b\u5348\u6211\u53c8\u89c1\u5230\u4e86Prof. Whilhelm\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u6211\u60f3\u7528LAOS\u6765\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u505a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u8bf4\u6211\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1ashare as much as possible\u3002\u2026","rel":"","context":"In 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Goodyear\uff09\uff1b\u4e00\u6ef4\u5364\u6c34\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e00\u9505\u8c46\u6d46\u51dd\u7ed3\u6210\u8c46\u8150\uff1b\u4e00\u6ef4\u9aa8\u80f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u58a8\u6c41\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u4e0d\u6c89\u6dc0\uff1b\u4e00\u9897\u94ae\u6263\u7535\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u6db2\u6676\u624b\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\u51e0\u5e74\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8f6f\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u201c\u795e\u5947\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u67d4\u8f6f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5e38\u5e38\u4ecb\u4e8e\u56fa\u4f53\u4e0e\u6db2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u5e38\u56e0\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ec6\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b8f\u89c2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5f02\uff08\u5982\u786b\u5316\u3001\u7ed3\u6676\u3001\u7194\u4f53\u526a\u5207\u53d8\u7a00\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4ece\u8f6f\u7269\u8d28\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002 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W. 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H. 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