{"id":9291,"date":"2025-10-19T16:05:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-19T08:05:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=9291"},"modified":"2025-10-19T16:51:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T08:51:06","slug":"%e5%be%ae%e6%b5%81%e5%8f%98%e6%9c%af%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9291","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u5fae\u6d41\u53d8\u201d\u672f\u8bed\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n

\u201c\u5fae\u6d41\u53d8\u201d\uff08microrheology\uff09\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u662f\u4e13\u6307III. \u901a\u8fc7\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u53cd\u63a8\u60ac\u6d6e\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u6027\u8d28<\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ddf\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u6211\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728M. Reiner\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\uff08Markus Reiner (1943), Ten Lectures on Theoretical Rheology<\/em>, Rubin Mass\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u8bb2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u8bb2\u4e49\u540e\u6765\u5206\u522b\u57281949\u5e74\u548c1960\u5e74\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff1aM. \u96f7\u8bb7\u8457\uff0c\u90ed\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u8bd1\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e1965\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6307I. \u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a8\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u3002\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201cmacrorheology\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u6982\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71Stanley G. Mason\uff081914-1987\uff09\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8eMason\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u8ff0[1]<\/a><\/span>\u548c\u540e\u8f88\u5199\u7684appreciation[2]<\/a><\/span>\u3002Mason\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u60ac\u6d6e\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fII. \u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7c92\u5b50\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6d41\u573a\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5230\u4e86Mason\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002Mason\u4e5f\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u80f6\u4f53\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u7528\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u63cf\u8481\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mason\u7684\u53ca\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u96f6\u661f\u613f\u610f\u4f7f\u7528Reiner\u8bb2\u4e49\u7684\u8001\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6587[3]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51af\u5143\u6862\u5148\u751f[4]<\/a><\/span>\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u8840\u6db2\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ecd\u662f\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8eMason\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b[5]<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7b2cIII\u79cd\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u8bba\u6587\u662f1985\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587[6]<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0e\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u201cmicroviscosity\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53cd\u800c\u6700\u65e9\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u5bf9microrheology\u5e94\u8be5\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u57281929\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0cE. Kraemer & R. Williamson[7]<\/a><\/span>\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u201c\u6469\u64e6\u201d\uff08friction\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u6d41\u573a\u754c\u9762\u5904\u7684\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u4e09\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6469\u64e6\u3002\u201cmicroviscosity\u201d\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728IV. \u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c<\/strong>[8]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u65e9\u5728\u201c\u80f6\u4f53\u201d\uff08colloid\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u675c\u64b0\u8005Thomas Graham\u57281861\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u76d0\u5728\u660e\u80f6\u6216\u743c\u8102\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d\u7684\u6269\u6563\u6bd4\u5c11\u6162\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u9ad8\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7[9]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4ee4\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7269\u4f53\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u662f\u8ddf\u5b8f\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u6563\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7c98\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728Einstein–Stokes\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u628a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5173\u4e8eEinstein–Stokes\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u5f53\u4f5c\u7c98\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5173\u4e8eEinstein–Stokes\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u5f53\u4f5c\u534a\u5f84\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u534a\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u54b1\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u5c11\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u522b\u8bf4\u6709\u4eba\u53bbreconcile\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u6d3e\u4eba\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\uff0c\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d3e\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u5206\u5b50\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u534a\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u4eba\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u6d4b\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u4e2d\u6216\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u534a\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6216\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5747\u65b9\u56de\u8f6c\u534a\u5f84\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u805a\u5408\u7269\u8bd5\u6837\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53ea\u6709\u5e73\u5747\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8fd8\u53d7\u6eb6\u5242\u6eb6\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u88ab\u9690\u542b\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

References<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. <\/a>\nS.G. Mason, \"How I became interested in colloid science\", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science<\/i>, vol. 71, pp. 8-10, 1979. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9797(79)90214-5<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  2. <\/a>\nH.L. Goldsmith, and D.A. Goring, \"Stanley G. Mason: An appreciation\", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science<\/i>, vol. 71, pp. 1-7, 1979. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9797(79)90213-3<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  3. <\/a>\nL. Dintenfass, \"Micro-rheology of pigment dispersion by \u201cball-milling\u201d in non-aqueous media\", Kolloid-Zeitschrift<\/i>, vol. 170, pp. 1-19, 1960. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01520066<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  4. <\/a>\nY. Fung, \"Microrheology and constitutive equation of soft tissue\", Biorheology<\/i>, vol. 25, pp. 261-270, 1988. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3233\/BIR-1988-251-235<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  5. <\/a>\nH.L. Goldsmith, \"Stanley Mason: His contribution to the science of Biorheology\", Biorheology<\/i>, vol. 26, pp. 99-107, 1989. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3233\/BIR-1989-26202<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  6. <\/a>\nJ. Stoltz, and M. Donner, \"Fluorescence polarization applied to cellular microrheology\", Biorheology<\/i>, vol. 22, pp. 227-247, 1985. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3233\/BIR-1985-22307<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  7. <\/a>\nE.O. Kraemer, and R.V. Williamson, \"Internal Friction and the Structure of \u201cSolvated\u201d Colloids\", Journal of Rheology<\/i>, vol. 1, pp. 76-92, 1929. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1122\/1.2116295<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  8. <\/a>\nE.O. Kraemer, and G.R. Sears, \"Viscosity and Adsorption in Colloidal Solutions\", Journal of Rheology<\/i>, vol. 2, pp. 292-306, 1931. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1122\/1.2116382<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  9. <\/a>\nT. Graham, \"X. Liquid diffusion applied to analysis\", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London<\/i>, pp. 183-224, 1861. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1098\/rstl.1861.0011<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201c\u5fae\u6d41\u53d8\u201d\uff08microrheology\uff09\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u662f\u4e13\u6307III. \u901a\u8fc7\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u53cd\u63a8\u60ac\u6d6e\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ddf\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u6211\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728M. Reiner\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\uff08Markus Reiner (1943), Ten Lectures on Theoretical Rheology, Rubin Mass\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u8bb2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u8bb2\u4e49\u540e\u6765\u5206\u522b\u57281949\u5e74\u548c1960\u5e74\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff1aM. \u96f7\u8bb7\u8457\uff0c\u90ed\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u8bd1\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e1965\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6307I. \u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a8\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u3002\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201cmacrorheology\u201d\u3002 \u5927\u6982\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71Stanley G. Mason\uff081914-1987\uff09\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8eMason\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u8ff0\u548c\u540e\u8f88\u5199\u7684appreciation\u3002Mason\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u60ac\u6d6e\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fII. \u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7c92\u5b50\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6d41\u573a\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5230\u4e86Mason\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002Mason\u4e5f\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u80f6\u4f53\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u7528\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u63cf\u8481\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 Mason\u7684\u53ca\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u96f6\u661f\u613f\u610f\u4f7f\u7528Reiner\u8bb2\u4e49\u7684\u8001\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51af\u5143\u6862\u5148\u751f\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u8840\u6db2\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ecd\u662f\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8eMason\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002 \u6211\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7b2cIII\u79cd\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u8bba\u6587\u662f1985\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u4e0e\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u201cmicroviscosity\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53cd\u800c\u6700\u65e9\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u5bf9microrheology\u5e94\u8be5\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u57281929\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0cE. Kraemer & R. 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\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u4eca\u770b\u6765\u4ecd\u628a\u8be5\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\uff081988\u5e74\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u603b\u7ed3\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08hydrodynamic\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u660e\u660e\u6eb6\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u8d28\u5219\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u6bb5\u5355\u5143\uff09\u4e0e\u6eb6\u5242\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5374\u89c6\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u89c6\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u540e\u8005\u5f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u4f53\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6781\u9650\uff08hydrodynamic limit\uff09\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1The Theory of Simple Liquids\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f39\u6027\u54d1\u94c3\u3001Rouse--Zimm\u548cDoi--Edwards\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u90fd\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u80f6\u4f53\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u7684\u504f\u5e94\u529b\u5f20\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7531Kramers\u63d0\u51fa\uff0cKirkwood\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4e3a\u8bb8\u8001\u5e08\u539f\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523040\u5e74\u4ee3\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u5230\u4e86Smoluschowski\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684Oseen\u5f20\u91cf\u3002 \u76f8\u6bd4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u665a\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5355\u5143\uff08\u805a\u5408\u7269\u94fe\u6bb5\u5355\u5143\u6216\u6eb6\u5242\u5206\u5b50\uff09\u7684Hamiltonian\u51fa\u53d1\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684Liouville\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1b\u8fd0\u7528Zwanzig--Mori\u6295\u5f71\u7b97\u7b26\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u822c\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49Langevin\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1b\u518d\u8fd0\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u8026\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff08mode-coupling theory\uff09\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u8bb0\u5fc6\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5305\u62ec\u7c98\u5ea6\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u8f93\u9001\u6027\u8d28\u3002Zwanzig--Mori\u6295\u5f71\u7b97\u7b26\u6cd5\u53ef\u89c1Theory of Simple Liquids\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u8026\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7531Kawasaki\u4e8e70\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e34\u754c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u4e34\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1Keyes\u7684\u7efc\u8ff01\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u805a\u5408\u7269\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u662fK. Schweizer\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u5e94\u529b\u5f20\u91cf\u6216\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5bfc\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u7ebf\u6027\u8f93\u8fd0\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u7ebf\u6027\u54cd\u5e94\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1Evans & Morriss\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ae0\u8282\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0"","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8462,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8462","url_meta":{"origin":9291,"position":1},"title":"\u6db2\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4e0e\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66","author":"Andrew","date":"2022\u5e746\u670816\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6211\u5728\u77e5\u4e4e\u7f51\u7ad9\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u7b54\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6db2\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u201c\u80fd\u5426\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u63a8\u51fa\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8003\u8651\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u6216\u8fd1\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5f3a\u5173\u8054\u6027\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\u4f1a\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u5173\u5fc3\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u5728\u5b88\u6052\u5f8b\u4e0b\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u5c31\u662fNS\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u51fa\u6211\u6240\u6599\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u786e\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u201d\u628a\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u3002 \u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u4f1a\u81f3\u4eca\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u7a84\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u6d4b\u8fd9\u662f\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002 \u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\uff08rheology\uff09\u53e6\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u662fBingham\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728 Reiner\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6563\u6587\u4e2d\u5c31\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u3002 When I arrived, Bingham said to me, \u201cHere you, a civil engineer, and I, a chemist, are working together at joint problems. With the development of colloid chemistry, such a situation will be more and more common. We therefore must establish a branch of physics where\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0"","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6738,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/6738","url_meta":{"origin":9291,"position":2},"title":"Probe microrheology\u7684\u95ee\u9898","author":"Andrew","date":"2015\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5","format":"aside","excerpt":"\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u5fae\u6d41\u53d8\uff0c\u5f80\u6837\u54c1\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0probe particles\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7video particle 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Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66","author":"Andrew","date":"2015\u5e741\u670828\u65e5","format":"aside","excerpt":"\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8ba2\u9605ACS\u7684J. Chem. Educ.\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u8fd1\u5bc6\u96c6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u53bb\u627e\u627eJ. Chem. Educ.\u4ece\u521b\u520a\u4ee5\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u3002 \u7528rheology\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u641c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cc\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u6311\u9009\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fa\u6765\u3002 1929\u5e74\u6b63\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u90a3\u5e74\uff0cBingham\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u9664\u4e86\u5c42\u6d41\u548c\u6e4d\u6d41\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6d41\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5c48\u670d\u548c\u5851\u6027\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u80f6\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5bbe\u6c49\u6d41\u4f53\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u30021930\u5e74\uff0cJ. Chem. Educ.\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u5c40\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709Bingham\u3001Reiner\u548cScott-Blair\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u4e2dReiner\u6f14\u8bb2\u9898\u76ee\u7adf\u7136\u53eb\u505aThe General Equation of Flow!\uff08\u539f\u6807\u9898\u5c31\u542b\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5f88\u597d\u5947\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u3002 \u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u8df3\u5230\u4e8660\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cFerry\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u4e5f\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u94fe\u88ab\u63a5\u4f38\u201d\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u71b5\u5f39\u6027\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u8c31\u3002 Weissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u662f1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4e00\u76f4\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u54ea\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u30021961\u5e74Nature\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u86cb\u767d\u6709Weissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u80f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6f14\u793aWeissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002 \u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u662f1920\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u521a\u597d\u4e5f\u662fStaudinger\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u8bba\u805a\u5408\u300b\u7684\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u590d\u6742\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u80f6\u4f53\u4f53\u7cfb\u6837\u54c1\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u90fd\u53eb\u80f6\u4f53\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\uff08\u5f53\u53ebelastic aftereffect\uff09\u3001\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u526a\u5207\u901f\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f97\u6bd4\u597d\u4e86\uff08\u4ee5Maxwell\u7528\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ebf\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u864e\u514b\u548c\u725b\u987f\u4e3a\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6cca\u8083\u53f6\u3001\u67ef\u897f\u3001Maxwell\u548cBoltzmann\u7b49\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u3002Reiner\u5728\u542c\u8bf4Bingham\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u56de\u590d\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u6709Rivlin\u3001Oldroyd\u3001Noll\u3001Truesdell\u7b49\u4eba\u6cbf\u7740\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7406\u6027\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8def\u5b50\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u771f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u540e\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u518d\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Bingham\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u7acb\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u662f\u5851\u6027\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u8ddf\u5f53\u65f6\u5173\u4e8e\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u672c\u6784\u65b9\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3001\u90a3\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff08\u5728Bingham\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e73\u6db2\u6837\u54c1\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a The hydraulicians were not aware that there is more than the one type of flow, and the type with which they were occupied did not\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0"","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9185,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9185","url_meta":{"origin":9291,"position":4},"title":"\u201c\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u89d2\u4eea\u201d","author":"Andrew","date":"2025\u5e743\u670831\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u9b4f\u68ee\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Karl Weissenberg\uff09\u7814\u5236\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u89d2\u4eea\uff08rheogoniometer\uff09\u3002\u9b4f\u68ee\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u5e38\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u59d3\u4e00\u9f50\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3aWeissenberg 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