{"id":9054,"date":"2024-07-14T08:08:52","date_gmt":"2024-07-14T00:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=9054"},"modified":"2024-07-14T08:12:39","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T00:12:39","slug":"%e6%98%ad%e5%92%8c%e6%97%b6%e6%9c%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054","title":{"rendered":"\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"9054\">\n\n<p>\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u671f\uff081926\u5e74\u81f31989\u5e74\uff09\u6070\u9022\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u5bf9\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u52a8\u8361\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002\u6211\u89c2\u770b\u8fc7\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u300a\u963f\u4fe1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bab\u5d0e\u9a8f\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u8d77\u98ce\u4e86\u300b\uff0c\u90fd\u7ed9\u6211\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u5230\u4ed6\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u5305\u56f4\u4e2d\u786e\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5fd7\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u514b\u670d\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8ddf\u201c\u662d\u548c\u201d\u5e74\u53f7\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u65e5\u6587\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u662f\u7528\u201c\u662d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e74\u53f7\u7eaa\u5e74\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u6bcf\u67e5\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8feb\u53bb\u67e5\u7b97\u5230\u5e95\u8fd9\u662f\u516c\u5143\u591a\u5c11\u5e74\u3002\u4ece\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff081949\u5e74\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u82e5\u5e72\u4f4d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5206\u652f\u9886\u57df\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5960\u57fa\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u6574\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u662f\u826f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u571f\u58e4\u662f\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5c0f\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6709\u597d\u591a\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9052\" data-type=\"post\" 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id=\"cite_ITEM-9054-0\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-9054-0\">[1]<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u85e4\u7530\u57281954\u5e74\u5230\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u505a\u535a\u540e\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388John Warren Williams\uff081898~1988\uff09\uff08\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22John\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u4ed6Jack Williams\uff09\u7531\u4e8eSvedberg1923\u5e74\u66fe\u9020\u8bbf\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u800c\u5bf9\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u30021934~35\u5e74Jack\u5230Svedberg\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u3002\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u673a\u7684\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u3002Williams\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8da3\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u85e4\u7530\u535a\u6765\u505a\u535a\u540e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u957f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8003\u8651\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u6c89\u964d\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6eb6\u8d28\u6c89\u964d\u8fb9\u754c\u533a\u57df\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5199\u7684\u4e66<em>Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis<\/em>\uff08Academic Press 1962\uff09\u662f\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5199\u7684<em>Foudations of Ultracentrifugal Analysis<\/em>\uff08John Wiley &amp; Sons 1975\uff09\u3002\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u85e4\u7530\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u5927\u7ea6\u4ee5de Groot\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<em>Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processe<\/em>\uff08North-Holland 1952\uff09\u548c\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<em>Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processe<\/em>\uff08Charles C Thomas 1955\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"771\" data-attachment-id=\"9064\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-025555\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555.png\" data-orig-size=\"1446,1089\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555-1024x771.png\" data-id=\"9064\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555-1024x771.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555-1024x771.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555-480x361.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555-768x578.png 768w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555-624x470.png 624w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-025555.png 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u4e61\u6751\u9e1f\u77b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" data-attachment-id=\"9063\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-024828\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828.png\" data-orig-size=\"1436,1078\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828-1024x769.png\" data-id=\"9063\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828-1024x769.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828-480x360.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828-624x468.png 624w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024828.png 1436w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u57ce\u5e02\u9e1f\u77b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-attachment-id=\"9061\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-024655\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655.png\" data-orig-size=\"1443,1082\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655-1024x768.png\" data-id=\"9061\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655-480x360.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655-624x468.png 624w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-024655.png 1443w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5728\u5ba2\u8f66\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u4eac\u95f9\u5e02<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" data-attachment-id=\"9062\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-023218\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218.png\" data-orig-size=\"1450,1090\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218-1024x770.png\" data-id=\"9062\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218-1024x770.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9062\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218-1024x770.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218-480x361.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218-624x469.png 624w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-023218.png 1450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u4e1c\u4eac\u8857\u9053<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"707\" data-attachment-id=\"9060\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-022615\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615.png\" data-orig-size=\"1470,1015\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615-1024x707.png\" data-id=\"9060\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615-1024x707.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9060\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615-1024x707.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615-480x331.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615-768x530.png 768w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615-624x431.png 624w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-022615.png 1470w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"716\" data-attachment-id=\"9059\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-021140\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140.png\" data-orig-size=\"1466,1025\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140-1024x716.png\" data-id=\"9059\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140-1024x716.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140-1024x716.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140-480x336.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140-768x537.png 768w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140-624x436.png 624w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-021140.png 1466w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5de5\u5382<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">1953\u5e74\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u4e1c\u4eac\u7269\u8bed\u300b\u5267\u7167<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u85e4\u7530\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u64c5\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u642d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc71952\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc<span id=\"cite_ITEM-9054-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-9054-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span>\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u88c5\u4e86\u66f4\u65e9\u51e0\u5e74\u62a5\u9053\u5728<em>J. Appl. Phys.<\/em>\u4e0a\u7684<span id=\"cite_ITEM-9054-2\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-9054-2\">[3]<\/a><\/span>\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d53\u5230\u50cf\u51dd\u80f6\u72b6\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u6a21\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u837b\u91ce\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u501f\u7528\u85e4\u7530\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"575\" data-attachment-id=\"9068\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9054\/%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e6%88%aa%e5%9b%be-2024-07-14-034703\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703.png\" data-orig-size=\"571,575\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703.png 571w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703-480x483.png 480w, https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2024-07-14-034703-200x200.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u85e4\u7530\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u8f7d\u8377\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u94fe\u6761\u5929\u5e73\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff08\u90e8\u4ef610\u300111\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u5ddd\u9e64\u592a\u90ce\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u591a\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff08\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ddd\u79f0\u201crheology\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u65b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e45\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u9053\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u4e2d\u5ddd\u6539\u8fdb\u5e76\u4e8e\u540c\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c26\u5e74\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u3002\u6211\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8240\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8240\">\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f532021<\/a>\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u85e4\u7530\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e2d\u5ddd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u300b\uff08Kobunshi\uff0c\u662f1952\u5e74\u521b\u520a\u7684\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6563\u6587\uff081983\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u65e9\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5143\u7eaa\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6216\u4e13\u8457\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281957\u5e74\u5c31\u4e0e\u5cb8\u672c\u662d\u4e00\u540c\u5728\u300a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u8da3\u76843\u4eba\u5bf9\u8c08\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c08\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6a61\u80f6\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5e94\u529b\u677e\u5f1b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u548c\u7531\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u8001\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u3002\u5f00\u59343\u4eba\u5c31\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u677e\u5f1b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7f13\u5408\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u5982\u4f55\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u65e5\u8bed\u62b1\u6028\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5927\u5bb6\u6253\u7b97\u627e\u4e00\u5bb6coffee shop\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u7f13\u548c\u201d\uff08mental relaxation\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u85e4\u7530\u535a\uff08\u6211\u5e08\u7237\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n    <ol>\n    <li><a name='ITEM-9054-0'><\/a>\nH. Fujita, \"Factors affecting the type of population density effect upon average rate of oviposition\", <i>Population Ecology<\/i>, vol. 2, pp. 1-7, 1953. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02789688\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02789688<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a name='ITEM-9054-1'><\/a>\nH. Fujita, K. Ninomiya, and T. Homma, \"Mechanical Properties of Concentrated Hydrogels of Agar-agar. I. Modulus of Elasticity in Compression\", <i>Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan<\/i>, vol. 25, pp. 374-378, 1952. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1246\/bcsj.25.374\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1246\/bcsj.25.374<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a name='ITEM-9054-2'><\/a>\nS.L. Dart, and E. Guth, \"Elastic Properties of Cork. I. Stress Relaxation of Compressed Cork\", <i>Journal of Applied Physics<\/i>, vol. 17, pp. 314-318, 1946. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1707719\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1707719<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 9054 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\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u85e4\u7530\u5230\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c34\u4ea7\u79d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6e14\u4e1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u300a\u7523\u5375\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff08\u8bba\u79cd\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4ea7\u5375\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u300b\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a8\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u89e3\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u85e4\u7530\u57281954\u5e74\u5230\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u505a\u535a\u540e\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388John Warren Williams\uff081898~1988\uff09\uff08\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22John\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u4ed6Jack Williams\uff09\u7531\u4e8eSvedberg1923\u5e74\u66fe\u9020\u8bbf\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u800c\u5bf9\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u30021934~35\u5e74Jack\u5230Svedberg\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u3002\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u673a\u7684\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u3002Williams\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8da3\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u85e4\u7530\u535a\u6765\u505a\u535a\u540e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u957f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8003\u8651\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u6c89\u964d\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6eb6\u8d28\u6c89\u964d\u8fb9\u754c\u533a\u57df\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5199\u7684\u4e66Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis\uff08Academic Press 1962\uff09\u662f\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5199\u7684Foudations of Ultracentrifugal Analysis\uff08John Wiley &amp; Sons 1975\uff09\u3002\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u85e4\u7530\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u5927\u7ea6\u4ee5de Groot\u7684\u8457\u4f5cThermodynamics of Irreversible Processe\uff08North-Holland 1952\uff09\u548c\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u7684\u8457\u4f5cIntroduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processe\uff08Charles C Thomas 1955\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u85e4\u7530\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u64c5\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u642d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc71952\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u88c5\u4e86\u66f4\u65e9\u51e0\u5e74\u62a5\u9053\u5728J. Appl. Phys.\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d53\u5230\u50cf\u51dd\u80f6\u72b6\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u6a21\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u837b\u91ce\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u501f\u7528\u85e4\u7530\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u5ddd\u9e64\u592a\u90ce\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u591a\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff08\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ddd\u79f0\u201crheology\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u65b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e45\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u9053\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u4e2d\u5ddd\u6539\u8fdb\u5e76\u4e8e\u540c\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c26\u5e74\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f532021\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u85e4\u7530\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e2d\u5ddd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u300b\uff08Kobunshi\uff0c\u662f1952\u5e74\u521b\u520a\u7684\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6563\u6587\uff081983\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u65e9\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5143\u7eaa\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6216\u4e13\u8457\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281957\u5e74\u5c31\u4e0e\u5cb8\u672c\u662d\u4e00\u540c\u5728\u300a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u8da3\u76843\u4eba\u5bf9\u8c08\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c08\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6a61\u80f6\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5e94\u529b\u677e\u5f1b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u548c\u7531\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u8001\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u3002\u5f00\u59343\u4eba\u5c31\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u677e\u5f1b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7f13\u5408\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u5982\u4f55\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u65e5\u8bed\u62b1\u6028\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5927\u5bb6\u6253\u7b97\u627e\u4e00\u5bb6coffee shop\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u7f13\u548c\u201d\uff08mental relaxation\uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u85e4\u7530\u535a\uff08\u6211\u5e08\u7237\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[237,212,279],"tags":[137],"class_list":["post-9054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-featured","category-tagged","category-279","tag-people"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1aPvF-2m2","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9332,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9332","url_meta":{"origin":9054,"position":0},"title":"\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u540d\u5b57","author":"Andrew","date":"2025\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66 \u6c34\u5c9b\u4e09\u4e00\u90ce\uff08Mizushima Sanichiro\uff09\u5728Annu. Rev. Phys. 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to do over what to know\u201c\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5341\u5206\u7cbe\u786e\u800c\u4e14\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4efb\u9e3f\u96bd\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u754c\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a 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Guggenheim\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f20\u5b97\u71e7\uff08\u89c1\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u572840\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u3001\u674e\u836b\u8fdc\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u85e4\u4ee3\u4eae\u4e00\uff08Ryoichi Funshiro\uff09\u3001\u77f3\u539f\u660e\uff08Akira Isihara\uff09\u3001\u83ca\u6c60\u826f\u4e00\uff08Ryoichi Kikuchi\uff09\u3001\u6c34\u8c37\u5bbd\uff08Hiroshi Mizutani\uff09\u548c\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5bfa\u672c\u82f1\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4e0e\u6a2a\u6d5c\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e98\u7406\u9054\u90ce\uff08Tatsuro Watari\uff09\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u8868\u683c\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u636e\u5009\u7530\u9053\u592b\u56de\u5fc6\uff08\u8bd1\u81ea\u65e5\u6587\uff09\uff1a 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\u6211\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5ddd\u81ea\u8ff0\u7684\u642d\u5efa\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u656c\u4f69\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u539f\u6587\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u8fc7\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u957f\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u91cf\u8005\u3002\u5728\u539f\u7530\u91cd\u6cbb\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8bb2\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2d\u5ddd\u9e64\u592a\u90ce\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5ddd\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u653b\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u642d\u5efa\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u7269\u8d44\u5f88\u7d27\u7f3a\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u719f\u77e5\u5404\u7c7b\u4e94\u91d1\u7535\u8def\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u642d\u5efa\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u7ec6\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u4e13\u4e1a\u5206\u5f97\u66f4\u7ec6\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba9\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u5e38\u8bc6\u201d\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u6216\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u5206\u5de5\u7ec6\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5305\u529e\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u56e0\u5206\u5de5\u7ec6\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u56e0\u5e38\u8bc6\u6b20\u7f3a\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u5462\uff1f \u201c\u4e45\u5c71\u6c0f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d \u6211\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ddd\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u520a\u300aKagaku\u300b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5e74\u9976\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e45\u5c71\u6c0f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e45\u5c71\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5e94\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u578b\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u3002 \u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c2009\u5e74\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5728\u8bfb\u7814\u65f6\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u6ce1\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u62c9\u4e1d\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6709\u6210\u679c\u5417\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u4ed6\u5728BCSJ\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\uff1aSpinnability of Liquid. A visco-elastic State. I & II\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u300b\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u62c9\u4e1d\u6027\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u201d\u63d2\u56fe\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587I\u4e2d\u7684Fig. 3\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e45\u5c71\u591a\u7f8e\u7537\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u501f\u9274\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u8bba\u6587II\u4e2d\u7684Fig. 2\u3002 \u9c81\u8fc5 \u4e2d\u5ddd\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u9c81\u8fc5\u3002 1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u5ddd\u57281967\u5e743\u6708\u53f7\u7684\u300a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff08\u4f55\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\uff09\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6292\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u9c81\u8fc5\u3002\u800c\u57281970\u5e74\u53c8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8ddf\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u60f3\u8981\u6d17\u8131\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fb5\u72af\u65e5\u672c\u6743\u76ca\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u5f88\u7cbe\u5f69\uff1a \u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u201c\u9524\u5b50\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u6325\u821e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u6325\u821e\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002 \u6211\u4ece\u4e2d\u5ddd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9c81\u8fc5\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u85e4\u91ce\u5148\u751f\u3002 \u5728\u7985\u5bfa\u7684\u95e8\u524d\u5f98\u5f8a 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