{"id":8122,"date":"2021-01-15T04:24:22","date_gmt":"2021-01-14T20:24:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=8122"},"modified":"2021-01-16T03:09:30","modified_gmt":"2021-01-15T19:09:30","slug":"c-truesdell%e6%96%87%e7%ab%a0%e9%80%89%e6%ae%b5%e8%b5%8f%e8%af%bb%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8122","title":{"rendered":"C. Truesdell\u6587\u7ae0\u9009\u6bb5\u8d4f\u8bfb\uff08\u4e09\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"8122\">\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>If a theory were not simpler than the phenomena it was designed to model, it would serve no purpose. Like a portrait, it can represent only a part of the subject it pictures. This part it exaggerates, if only because it leaves out the rest. Its simplicity is its virtue, provided the aspect it portrays be that which we wish to study. If, on the other hand, our concern is an aspect of nature which a particular theory leaves out of account, then that theory is for us not wrong but simply irrelevant. For example, if we would analyse the stagnation of traffic in the streets, to take into account the behavior of the elementary particles that make up the engine, the body, the tires, and the driver of each automobile, however &#8220;fundamental&#8221; the physicists like to call those particles, would be useless even if it were not insuperably difficult. The quantum theory of individual particles is not wrong in studies of the deformation of large samples of air; it is simply a model of something else, something irrelevant to matter in gross.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c1\u53e5\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u8868\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u9053\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u201ca theory is ALWAYS simpler than the phenomena it is designed to model\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c8\u51fa\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u9879\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u539f\u6587\u610f\u601d\u7684\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u539f\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u53d9\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8003\u4f60\u8651\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c3\u53e5\u662f\u4e2a\u5565\u7ed3\u6784\u5462\uff1f\u5f00\u5934\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a\u5012\u6869\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u8bed\u5e8f\u662fIt exaggerates this part\u3002\u78b0\u5230\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u662f\u8c01\uff1aIt\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684a theory\uff1bthis part\u662f\u6307\u524d\u9762\u7684a part of the subject it (the portrait) can represent\u3002\u540e\u9762if only\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684it\u8fd8\u662f\u6307theory\uff0c\u800cthe rest\u662f\u6307the rest of the portrait\u3002\u7b2c4\u53e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5148\u5bf9\u5e94\u597d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u7fa4\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8a00\u7b80\u610f\u8d45\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7a81\u663e\u903b\u8f91\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u91cf\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u7a77\u5ef6\u7eed\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u91cd\u65b0\u6b63\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u627e\u8865\u56de\u6765\u201d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e86\u7b2c5\u53e5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u7b2c4\u53e5\u548c\u7b2c5\u53e5\u53c8\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c4\u53e5\u7528\u4e86provided that\uff0c\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u800c\u7b2c5\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u6070\u597d\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8bdd\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e24\u591f\u53e5\u4e5f\u8981\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c6\u53e5\u5f00\u59cb\u662fFor example\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u505aGRE\u9605\u8bfb\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u770b\u5230For example\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e0d\u770b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u8bb2\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u6545\u4e8b\u6765\u91cd\u590d\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5565\u4f60\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u505a\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2aexample\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u8d4f\u6790Truesdell\u5927\u795e\u7684\u6587\u91c7\uff0c\u5e76\u5b66\u4e60\u4ed6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aFor example\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2aexample\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c4\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684&#8221;not wrong but simply irrelevant\u201d\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u7406\u8bba\u6ca1\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u5b83\u672c\u6765\u610f\u56fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201c\u65e0\u5173\u201d\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5177\u4f53\u4e3e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u5c31\u7b97\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u641e\u5f97\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u9519\u7684\u201d\uff1b\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7269\u8d28\u5efa\u6a21\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4e00\u6bb5\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u201ckeener appraisal of the role a theory is to play\u201d\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u6587\u540e\u51fa\u4e00\u9053\u9898\u95ee\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u9879\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201ckeener appraisal of the role a theory is to play\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u5168\u6587\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u622a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4f5c\u7b54\u6848\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u662f\u4ece\u5168\u6587\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u622a\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u622a\u7684\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fde\u622a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u9009\u9879\u2014\u2014\u9605\u8bfb\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5feb\u901f\u505a\u6389\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7b2c6\u6bb5\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u201cWith this sober and critical understanding of what a theory is\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u7684\u201ckeener appraisal of the role a theory is to play\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0ckeener\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u53c8\u51fa\u9053\u9898\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684keener\u4e00\u8bcd\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9664\u4e86\u201csober and critical\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u518d\u627e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u641e\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7531\u4e8esober and critical\u8fd9\u7ec4\u6070\u597d\u51fa\u5728\u5bf9\u539f\u53e5\u7684\u590d\u8ff0\u53e5\u4e0a\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\uff08\u51fa\u9898\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff09\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u8003\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u547c\u5e94\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u9605\u8bfb\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u987e\u5f97\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u770b\u61c2\uff0c\u987e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5168\u6587\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u8003\u751f\u7ed9\u5237\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With this sober and critical understanding of what a theory is, we need not see any philosophical conflict between two theories, one of which represents a gas as a plenum, the other as a numerous assembly of punctual masses. According to the physicists, a real gas such as air or hydrogen is neither of these, nothing so simple. Models of either kind represent aspects of real gases; if they represent those properly, they should entail many of the same conclusions, though of course not all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u603b\u4f53\u662f\u53c8\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u524d\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u6697\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u540e\u6587\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u6bd4\u8f83\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 8122 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If a theory were not simpler than the phenomena it was designed to model, it would serve no purpose. Like a portrait, it can represent only a part of the subject it pictures. This part it exaggerates, if only because it leaves out the rest. Its simplicity is its virtue, provided the aspect it portrays [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[303],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rheo"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1aPvF-270","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1061,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/1061","url_meta":{"origin":8122,"position":0},"title":"The concept of polymer physics is blurred","author":"Andrew","date":"2010\u5e745\u670829\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"Vicki Cleave arranged a virtual issue of the Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics on Materials View website. All articles in this issue are selected from other journals on Wiley InterScience, in order to demonstrate how wide and interesting the content of modern polymer physics research can be.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8302,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8302","url_meta":{"origin":8122,"position":1},"title":"Truesdell on scientific theory","author":"Andrew","date":"2021\u5e7412\u670819\u65e5","format":"quote","excerpt":"Like any other theory, Coleman's will be found to have limitations in practice, to apply to some ranges of phenomena but fail to apply to others. Such a sharing between success and failure in application is common to all true scientific theories. A theory that covers everything, that cannot be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8116,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8116","url_meta":{"origin":8122,"position":2},"title":"C. Truesdell\u6587\u7ae0\u9009\u6bb5\u8d4f\u8bfb\uff08\u4e8c\uff09","author":"Andrew","date":"2021\u5e741\u670815\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"Of course these discoveries have brought with them different attitudes toward theories of nature. Those who push forward the frontiers of experiment cannot wait for the thoughtful, critical, and hence cautious and slow analysis that mathematics has always demanded. Mathematicians, for their part, cannot afford to waste their time on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b14\u8bb0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b14\u8bb0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/rheo"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5225,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/5225","url_meta":{"origin":8122,"position":3},"title":"kcite\u63d2\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5","author":"Andrew","date":"2013\u5e743\u670831\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u88c5\u4e86kcite\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4e2d\u7684DOI\u53f7\u76f4\u63a5\u6e32\u67d3\u6210\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6587\u4e2d\u53d8\u5e8f\u53f7\uff0c\u6587\u672b\u52a0bibliography\uff09\u3002\u672c\u9875\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002Recently, many simulation and experiment studies have been published to reveal the precise features of the jamming phase diagram for different amorphous systems within this framework. Of many model systems for the jamming transition, the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel suspension is a unique one. The particles are soft and deformable, so\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b14\u8bb0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b14\u8bb0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/personal\/%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3459,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/3459","url_meta":{"origin":8122,"position":4},"title":"Notes on Particle Tracking Setup","author":"Andrew","date":"2011\u5e747\u670822\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"General principles Particle tracking microrheology may mean two different methods. One is single particle tracking technique, where the particle acts as a probe to investigate the rheology of the matrix. Another is general particle tracking microrheology where the ensemble of many particles itself is investigated. The particle tracking methods considered\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b14\u8bb0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b14\u8bb0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/personal\/%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8112,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8112","url_meta":{"origin":8122,"position":5},"title":"C. Truesdell\u6587\u7ae0\u9009\u6bb5\u8d4f\u8bfb\uff08\u4e00\uff09","author":"Andrew","date":"2021\u5e741\u670815\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"The ancient Greek philosophers speculated whether matter were an assembly of tiny, invisible, and immutable particles, or a continuous expanse. As the quantitative, mathematical science of the West developed, the debate continued but became more and more definite and detailed. The great theorists proposed specific mathematical theories, restricted to certain\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b14\u8bb0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b14\u8bb0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/rheo"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8122"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8134,"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8122\/revisions\/8134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}