{"id":8,"date":"2008-10-09T03:23:00","date_gmt":"2008-10-08T19:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xgkwx.72pines.com\/2008\/10\/09\/%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e7%9c%9f%e7%a9%ba%e7%9a%84%e7%be%8e%e4%b8%bd%e5%be%80%e4%ba%8b\/"},"modified":"2008-10-09T03:23:00","modified_gmt":"2008-10-08T19:23:00","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e7%9c%9f%e7%a9%ba%e7%9a%84%e7%be%8e%e4%b8%bd%e5%be%80%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8e\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5f80\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"8\">\n<p>Horror vacui\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0chorror\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\uff0cvacui\u662f\u771f\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u9648\u8bcd\u6ee5\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u538c\u6076\u771f\u7a7a\u201d\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u8ddf\u201c\u91cd\u7684\u94c1\u7403\u5148\u7740\u5730\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u7b11\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO15zBh8v4I\/AAAAAAAADzM\/DTjo6Dfp5_Y\/s1600-h\/horror+vacui.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO15zBh8v4I\/AAAAAAAADzM\/x53jDa9oEQA\/s400-R\/horror+vacui.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u827a\u672f\u4e0a\uff0chorror vacui\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u62fc\u547d\u628a\u753b\u7eb8\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7559\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u7a7a\u9699\u7684\u827a\u672f\u503e\u5411\u3002horror vacui\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u753b\u5f97\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u591a\u4e3a\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u5feb\u628a\u7a7a\u9699\u586b\u6ee1\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u521b\u610f\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u586b\u5145\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5012\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6284\u7684\u4e66\u554a\uff0c\u4e50\u8c31\u554a\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u5f62\u554a\u4e00\u80a1\u8111\u5730\u586b\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5988\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5e26\u6211\u53bb\u5b66\u753b\u753b\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u5e03\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u662f\u56de\u53bb\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\u3002\u6211\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u610f\u72b9\u672a\u5c3d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u753b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ce8\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u5305\u662f\u51e0\u5c81\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6700\u8001\u7684\u5c81\u6570\u662f99\u5c81\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5c81\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8c\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u60c5\u51b5\u968f\u673a\u7f16\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u94b1\u5305\u603b\u4e4b\u662f\u8981\u753b\u6ee1\u6574\u5f20\u7eb8\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5168\u73ed\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u94b1\u5305\u7684\uff0c\u8ba9\u8001\u5e08\u54ed\u7b11\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002\u770b\u6765\u6211\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684horror vacui\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u7684\u51cc\u4e71\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u9887\u6709horror vacui\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO16A9A2swI\/AAAAAAAADzU\/GsjzyBqxyII\/s1600-h\/DSC00182.JPG\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO16A9A2swI\/AAAAAAAADzU\/OECuzJASaJs\/s400-R\/DSC00182.JPG\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u56de\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4f3d\u4fd0\u7565\u90fd\u8fd8\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u538c\u6076\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u7ef4\u6301\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u8981\u8ddf\u81ea\u7136\u5bf9\u7740\u5e72\u3002\u76f4\u52301643\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\uff08Evangelista Torricelli\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6c14\u538b\u8ba1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u7a7a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u771f\u7a7a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ecf\u4eba\u529b\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u538c\u6076\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u201c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO162W51h3I\/AAAAAAAADzc\/idzzlextP-E\/s1600-h\/torricelli.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO162W51h3I\/AAAAAAAADzc\/8ddf4DrN4Kg\/s400-R\/torricelli.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\u7684\u6c14\u538b\u8ba1\u88ab\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u62ff\u53bb\u767b\u5c71\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u88ab\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6c14\u538b\u8ba1\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u91cf\u7eb2\uff08N\u22c5m<sup>-2<\/sup>\uff09\u662f\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u53eb\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5149\u6709\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u6697\u793a\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u660e\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9a6c\u683c\u5fb7\u4fdd\u5e02\u957f\u5c45\u91cc\u514b\u5728\u91cc\u6839\u65af\u5821\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9a6c\u683c\u5fb7\u5821\u534a\u7403\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08Magdeburg hemispheres\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8981\u5f04\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u5ea6\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u6c34\u6cf5\u3002\u5c45\u91cc\u514b\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5355\u8f66\u6253\u6c14\u7b52\u7684\u62bd\u6c14\u6cf5\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cf5\u7ed9\u534a\u7403\u62bd\u6c14\uff0c\u624d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO169r7YMuI\/AAAAAAAADzk\/GGG-xNTP0Y4\/s1600-h\/Magdeburger.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO169r7YMuI\/AAAAAAAADzk\/WMtzJXfmeOM\/s400-R\/Magdeburger.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5c45\u91cc\u514b\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62bd\u6c14\u7b52\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u8d35\u5f97\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\u5462\u3002\u6ca1\u591a\u5c11\u641e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4e70\u5f97\u8d77\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9001\u7ed9\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u505a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u9664\u4e86\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u7684\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6cf5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u56db\u4e2a\u6cf5\u4e86\u3002\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u7684\u6cf5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u80e1\u514b\u52a8\u624b\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u592a\u82db\u523b\u3001\u592a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cf5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u80e1\u514b\u672c\u4eba\u624d\u73a9\u5f97\u8f6c\uff08\u77a7\u4e0b\u56fe\u90a3\u67b6\u52bf\uff09\u3002\u9760\u7740\u80e1\u514b\u7684\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6ce2\u4e49\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8bpV=\u5e38\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO17EUPh6TI\/AAAAAAAADzs\/GtLH5K1sRtk\/s1600-h\/Boyle_air_pump+copy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO17EUPh6TI\/AAAAAAAADzs\/yvseYkxsrFY\/s400-R\/Boyle_air_pump+copy.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u8fd8\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u52a8\u7269\u653e\u5230\u73bb\u7483\u7f38\u91cc\u62bd\u771f\u7a7a\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u6b7b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3001\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u3002\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u53eb\uff1aNew Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air, and its Effects (Made, for the Most Part, in a New Pneumatical Engine)\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u522b\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u5174\u7528\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO17KNFMwSI\/AAAAAAAADz0\/M4_1cUKAk2s\/s1600-h\/Robertboyle_newexperiments+copy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO17KNFMwSI\/AAAAAAAADz0\/5ABNnRxtSPk\/s400-R\/Robertboyle_newexperiments+copy.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u5bb6\u53ebJoseph Wright\u7684\u5f88\u770b\u4e0d\u60ef\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u771f\u7a7a\u6740\u622e\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u9898\u6750\uff0c\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\uff0c\u53ebAn Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u3002\u6cb9\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u9e1f\u6b63\u5728\u6251\u6247\u7740\u53cc\u7fc5\u6323\u624e\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u753b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u60c5\u3002\u53f3\u8fb9\u90a3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u582a\u5982\u6b64\u60e8\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u76f4\u80cc\u8fc7\u8138\u53bb\u3002\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u60c5\u4fa3\u5374\u53ea\u987e\u7740\u4e92\u9001\u79cb\u6ce2\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec5\u58eb\u5219\u5e26\u7740\u597d\u5947\u7684\u773c\u795e\u770b\u7740\u90a3\u9e1f\u3002\u800c\u753b\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u6301\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u6311\u7554\u7684\u773c\u795e\u76f4\u76ef\u7740\u4f60\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u62f7\u95ee\u89c2\u753b\u7684\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u90a3\u53ea\u9e1f\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\u70b9\u51fb\u770b\u5927\u56fe\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO182V55kdI\/AAAAAAAADz8\/b5pnkhKiUZo\/s1600-h\/An_Experiment_on_a_Bird_in_an_Air_Pump_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby,_1768.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO182V55kdI\/AAAAAAAADz8\/aecAe4CG1Bw\/s400-R\/An_Experiment_on_a_Bird_in_an_Air_Pump_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby,_1768.jpg\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u684c\u4e0a\u6446\u653e\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u684c\u89d2\u4e0a\u653e\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u683c\u5fb7\u5821\u534a\u7403\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u8fd8\u6709\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u3001\u8721\u70db\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6700\u663e\u7136\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e26\u6447\u6746\u7684\u62bd\u6c14\u6cf5\u4e86\uff0c\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u62bd\u6c14\u6cf5\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u684c\u5b50\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u676f\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u6ce1\u7740\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ab7\u9ac5\u3002\u9ab7\u9ac5\u5728\u9759\u7269\u7ed8\u753b\u91cc\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u5341\u516d\u3001\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u5317\u6b27\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53eb\u505avanitas\uff08\u865a\u65e0\uff09\u3002Vanitas\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad3\u9ac5\u3001\u8721\u70db\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8150\u70c2\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u3001\u6ce1\u6ce1\u3001\u6c99\u6f0f\u7b49\u7b49\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u548c\u77ed\u6682\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u548c\u7a81\u7136\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5e45\u771f\u7a7a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0vanitas\uff0c\u8ddf\u7f38\u5185\u7684\u9e1f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6323\u624e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7535\u6c7d\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u6cf5\u8fd8\u6709Geissler\u6cf5\u548cSprengel\u6cf5\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\u7684\u6c14\u538b\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19GjuiwAI\/AAAAAAAAD0E\/aVnZPVrTGnM\/s1600-h\/air_pump_28694_lg+copy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19GjuiwAI\/AAAAAAAAD0E\/-eT2HGkgJ_c\/s400-R\/air_pump_28694_lg+copy.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>H. Geissler\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u70e7\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u719f\u624b\u6280\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u80fd\u70e7\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u5f62\u602a\u72b6\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\u30021857\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u7528\u4ed6\u7684Geissler\u6cf5\u7ed9\u88c5\u6709\u7535\u6781\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\u5145\u8fdb\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u62bd\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bc6\u5c01\u3002\u901a\u7535\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u88ab\u7535\u79bb\u800c\u53d1\u51fa\u8367\u5149\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u989c\u8272\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9020\u5f62\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5149\u7ba1\u975e\u5e38\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7535\u5149\u7ba1\u79f0\u4e3aGeissler Tube\u3002\u8ddf\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u5c45\u91cc\u514b\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u62bd\u6c14\u7b52\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cGeissler Tube\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u53d1\u660e\u5356\u5f97\u5012\u662f\u633a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19L3Wio0I\/AAAAAAAAD0M\/3MfEUX8J8Ec\/s1600-h\/geissler_tube5a+copy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19L3Wio0I\/AAAAAAAAD0M\/1TBd1elH3u8\/s400-R\/geissler_tube5a+copy.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Geissler Tube\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9634\u6781\u5c04\u7ebf\u7ba1\uff08cathode ray tube\uff0cCRT\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u771f\u7a7a\u5e26\u9886\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7535\u6c7d\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7535\u52a8\u7684\u6cf5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5bf9\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5c31\u53ea\u505c\u5728\u4e86\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u57fa\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u91cf\u5b50\u6da8\u843d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u96f6\u70b9\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8bf4\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u56de\u590d\u6307\u6b63\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19TzsuJ6I\/AAAAAAAAD0U\/m7qk3GAEJXo\/s1600-h\/Iquantumvacu+copy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19TzsuJ6I\/AAAAAAAAD0U\/OaM-sDmg_mQ\/s400-R\/Iquantumvacu+copy.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u5f26\u8bba\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u771f\u7a7a\u8fd8\u6709N\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u666f\u89c2\uff08landscape\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u666f\u89c2\u201d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4e09\u7ef4\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"separator\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19ZQIFJzI\/AAAAAAAAD0c\/Oiy0s6JUWEc\/s1600-h\/earlyuniverse1+copy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/_h7Xs_pnQ_sE\/SO19ZQIFJzI\/AAAAAAAAD0c\/gZhlc0lNX1I\/s320-R\/earlyuniverse1+copy.gif\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 8 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Horror vacui\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0chorror\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\uff0cvacui\u662f\u771f\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u9648\u8bcd\u6ee5\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u538c\u6076\u771f\u7a7a\u201d\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u8ddf\u201c\u91cd\u7684\u94c1\u7403\u5148\u7740\u5730\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u7b11\u3002 \u5728\u827a\u672f\u4e0a\uff0chorror vacui\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u62fc\u547d\u628a\u753b\u7eb8\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7559\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u7a7a\u9699\u7684\u827a\u672f\u503e\u5411\u3002horror vacui\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u753b\u5f97\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u591a\u4e3a\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u5feb\u628a\u7a7a\u9699\u586b\u6ee1\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u521b\u610f\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u586b\u5145\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5012\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6284\u7684\u4e66\u554a\uff0c\u4e50\u8c31\u554a\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u5f62\u554a\u4e00\u80a1\u8111\u5730\u586b\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002 \u6211\u5988\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5e26\u6211\u53bb\u5b66\u753b\u753b\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u5e03\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u662f\u56de\u53bb\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\u3002\u6211\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u610f\u72b9\u672a\u5c3d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u753b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94b1\u5305\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ce8\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u5305\u662f\u51e0\u5c81\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6700\u8001\u7684\u5c81\u6570\u662f99\u5c81\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5c81\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8c\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u60c5\u51b5\u968f\u673a\u7f16\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u94b1\u5305\u603b\u4e4b\u662f\u8981\u753b\u6ee1\u6574\u5f20\u7eb8\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5168\u73ed\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u94b1\u5305\u7684\uff0c\u8ba9\u8001\u5e08\u54ed\u7b11\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002\u770b\u6765\u6211\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684horror vacui\u503e\u5411\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u7684\u51cc\u4e71\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u9887\u6709horror vacui\u98ce\u683c\u3002 \u8bf4\u56de\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4f3d\u4fd0\u7565\u90fd\u8fd8\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u538c\u6076\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u7ef4\u6301\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u8981\u8ddf\u81ea\u7136\u5bf9\u7740\u5e72\u3002\u76f4\u52301643\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\uff08Evangelista Torricelli\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6c14\u538b\u8ba1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u7a7a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u771f\u7a7a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ecf\u4eba\u529b\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u538c\u6076\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u201c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002 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elitism\uff08\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u7eaa\u5ff5\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u7acb350\u5468\u5e74\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9700\u8981\u626e\u6f14\u597d\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u6b7b\u8c0f\uff1b\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u6b7b\u5b88\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u6253\u5012\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5927\u4f17\u6253\u5012\u3002\u8981\u505a\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u6d41\u3002\u6362\u7136\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u8349\u6839\u5408\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0e\u8349\u6839\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u8349\u6839\u7684informer\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u8349\u6839informed\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u653f\u575b\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u653f\u575b\u7684informer\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u653f\u575binformed\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u738b\u9e3f\u98de\u8001\u5e08\u7b49\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7cbe\u82f1\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u64cd\u5b88\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728Nature\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4e0d\u662f\u738b\u9e3f\u98de\u8001\u5e08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u666e\u904d\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5f52\u90fd\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ece\u672a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002 Nature\u539f\u6587\u5982\u4e0b: It stands today as a relatively successful model of what an independent national academy can achieve, having made itself both highly regarded in the corridors of power and prominent in public debates on major science-related issues. \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6807\u9898\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f55\u8c13\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"Fernando Muslera  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One reason lies in its inability to describe the shape of a cloud, a mountain, a coastline or a tree. 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\u544a\u522b\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u6b63\u5e26\u7740\u8f66\u6c34\u9a6c\u9f99\u7684\u7e41\u56a3\u6b65\u5165\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u5f3a\u76db\u671f\u3002\u4e00\u5bf9\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65b0\u5a5a\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e86\u795d\u521a\u7f6e\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u5c45\u548c\u5c06\u8981\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u6ee1\u5fc3\u6b22\u559c\u5730\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u753b\u5320\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a\u00b7\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4e3a\u59bb\u5b50\u753b\u4e00\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7559\u5ff5\u3002\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u76f4\u5230\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u753b\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee54000\u6cd5\u56fd\u76fe\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u4e00\u4e16\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\u5c31\u4ece\u753b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u547d\u8fd0\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u65f6\u5149\u6d41\u8f6c500\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5987\u4eba\u600e\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u5728300\u591a\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\u548c2000\u591a\u4e2a\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5468\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u6cb9\u753b\u300a\u8499\u5a1c\u4e3d\u838e\u300b\uff08Mona Lisa\uff09\u3002 \u6765\u81ea\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7591\u95ee \u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b83\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff08perfectisimo\uff09\u6240\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5bf9\u8be5\u753b\u7684\u6ea2\u7f8e\u4e4b\u8bcd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e8e\u8033\u3002\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u4eba\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u5230\u5e95\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u6280\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u753b\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e48\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u751f\u52a8\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5374\u6210\u4e86\u8426\u7ed5\u8be5\u753b\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5374\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e24\u5904\uff1a\u4e00\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u6cb9\u753b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ece\u6cb9\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u627e\u51fa\u86db\u4e1d\u9a6c\u8ff9\uff0c\u7834\u8bd1\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5c31\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u8d44\u6599\u8fd8\u8981\u8fa9\u522b\u771f\u4f2a\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ddf\u4fa6\u63a2\u7834\u6848\u6709\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u68c0\u67e5\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u7269\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u4ece\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u53e3\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u80e1\u8bf4\u6216\u8005\u6dfb\u6cb9\u52a0\u918b\u3002 \u5173\u4e8e\u753b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e54\u5c14\u4e54\u00b7\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\uff08Giorgio Vasari\uff0c1511-1574\uff09\u5bf9\u8be5\u753b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8be5\u753b\u7684\u6a21\u7279\u513f\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5546\u4eba\u5f17\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7126\u5b54\u591a\uff08Francesco del Giocondo\uff09\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u4e3d\u838e\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7126\u5b54\u591a\uff08Lisa del Giocondo\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\u7ed9\u8fd9\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\u8d77\u4e86\u4e2a\u81f3\u4eca\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff1aMona Lisa\uff08Mona\u662f\u5c0a\u79f0\u201c\u592b\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u6cb9\u753b\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u53f3\u624b\u642d\u5728\u5de6\u624b\u7684\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5df2\u5a5a\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u59ff\u52bf\u6697\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\u4e0e\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u8fc7\u8be5\u753b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u7591\uff0c\u81ea\u6cb9\u753b\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u8d77\u5173\u6ce8\u59cb\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u753b\u4e2d\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u6807\u9898\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u6389\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u53f2\u6599\u652f\u6301\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u753b\u4e2d\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u4e00\u9875\u4e66\u7a3f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4efd1477\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u603b\u7406\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u963f\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u666e\u5947\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u5bf9\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u827a\u672f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u5b57\u65c1\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5904\uff0c\u624b\u5199\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u7b14\u8bb0\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u4e3a\u4e3d\u838e\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7126\u5b54\u591a\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5b57\u8ff9\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e5f\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a1503\u5e7410\u6708\u2014\u2014\u597d\u4e0e\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u4f5c\u753b\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\u7684\u6a21\u7279\u513f\u8eab\u4efd\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u300a\u8499\u5a1c\u4e3d\u838e\u300b\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u753b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u3002 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\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6218\u4e71\u518d\u6b21\u5230\u6765\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8eb2\u907f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u6cb9\u753b\u518d\u6b21\u4ece\u7f57\u6d6e\u5bab\u8fc1\u51fa\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u6682\u5b58\u4e8e\u6602\u5e03\u74e6\u65af\u57ce\u5821\uff08Ch\u00e2teau d'Amboise\uff09\uff0c\u8f97\u8f6c\u81f3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9a6c\u8482\u8036\u52d2\uff08Martiel\uff09\u7684 Loc-Dieu\u4fee\u9053\u9662\uff08Loc-Dieu Abbey\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5b58\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8499\u6258\u90a6\uff08Montauban\uff09\u7684\u5b89\u683c\u5c14\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08Mus\u00e9e Ingres\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u504f\u504f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u540e\u30021956\u5e74\uff0c\u5c55\u4e8e\u5b89\u683c\u5c14\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u4e0b\u8fb9\u7f18\u88ab\u6cfc\u9178\u6db2\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6c61\u635f\u3002\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7c4d\u4eba\u58eb\u628a\u4e00\u5757\u77f3\u5934\u6254\u5411\u6cb9\u753b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6cb9\u753b\u4e2d\u5de6\u624b\u8098\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u989c\u6599\u8131\u843d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u7f3a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8865\u753b\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002 \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e45500\u5c81\u9ad8\u5bff\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u5728\u5c55\u51fa\u65f6\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6beb\u65e0\u9632\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u7a83\u8d3c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d81\u65e0\u4eba\u65f6\u628a\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5899\u4e0a\u53d6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u9178\u6216\u8005\u77f3\u5757\u6295\u5230\u6cb9\u753b\u8868\u9762\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u8bad\u4e86\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u6cb9\u753b\u88ab\u9632\u5f39\u73bb\u7483\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u653b\u51fb\u2014\u20141974\u5e74\u6cb9\u753b\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5c55\u51fa\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b8b\u75be\u5973\u4eba\u5411\u6cb9\u753b\u6cfc\u6d12\u7ea2\u6cb9\uff1b2009\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7f57\u6d6e\u5bab\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5973\u4eba\u53c8\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8336\u676f\u6254\u5411\u4e86\u6cb9\u753b\uff0c\u5728\u9632\u5f39\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cb9\u753b\u5747\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u3002\u4fee\u590d\u4e0e\u7ffb\u65b0\u6cb9\u753b\u300a\u8499\u5a1c\u4e3d\u838e\u300b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u7ffb\u65b0\u3002\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6cb9\u753b\u521a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u4e45\u768416\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5c31\u88ab\u5237\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6e05\u6f06\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u989c\u6599\u5c42\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5c1a\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6e05\u6f06\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u56e0\u53d8\u8d28\u800c\u53d1\u9ec4\u548c\u5f00\u88c2\u30021809\u5e74\uff0c\u85cf\u4e8e\u7f57\u6d6e\u5bab\u6cb9\u753b\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8d1f\u8d23\u6b21\u6b21\u6e05\u6d17\u7684Jean-Marie Hooghstoel\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u66fe\u4f7f\u7528\u9152\u7cbe\u6765\u64e6\u62ed\u6cb9\u753b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53\u65f6\u6cb9\u753b\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u6e05\u6f06\u88ab\u6d17\u6389\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u62ec\u90e8\u5206\u6cb9\u753b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u989c\u6599\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cHooghstoel\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5acc\u7591\u662f\u64e6\u6389\u4e86\u8499\u5a1c\u4e3d\u838e\u7684\u7709\u6bdb\u3002\u81ea1850\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8be5\u6cb9\u753b\u5f00\u59cb\u95fb\u540d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u5ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u753b\u4e2d\u8499\u5a1c\u4e3d\u838e\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7709\u6bdb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8fdb\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u5243\u6389\u7709\u6bdb\u662f16\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u5c1a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u53f2\u6599\u2014\u20141547\u5e74\u4e54\u5c14\u4e54\u00b7\u74e6\u8428\u91cc\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\u4e2d\u7709\u6bdb\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6cb9\u753b\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u8096\u50cf\u662f\u6709\u7709\u6bdb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cHooghstoel\u7ed9\u6cb9\u753b\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0a\u4e86\u6e05\u6f06\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c1906\u5e74\u7f57\u6d6e\u5bab\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u5458Eug\u00e8ne Denizard\u53c8\u5bf9\u6cb9\u753b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u4fee\u8865\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ed9\u6cb9\u753b\u8fb9\u7f18\u88ab\u753b\u6846\u78e8\u635f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8865\u4e0a\u6e05\u6f06\u30021913\u5e74\u6cb9\u753b\u5931\u800c\u590d\u5f97\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fDenizard\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ed9\u6cb9\u753b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5212\u75d5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u8865\u58a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cb9\u753b\u7684\u6c61\u6e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6e05\u7406\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u50cfHooghstoel\u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6d17\u5242\u30021957\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6295\u77f3\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6cb9\u753b\u5de6\u624b\u8098\u90e8\u4f4d\u8131\u843d\u7684\u989c\u6599\uff0c\u5219\u7531Jean-Gabriel Goulinat\u7528\u6c34\u5f69\u8865\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002 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