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equation\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u529b\u5b66\u9488\u5bf9\u725b\u987f\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u7406\u300b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u4ec5\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4f20\u8d28\u4f20\u70ed\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u7406\u300b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u822c\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5c42\u6d41\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4--\u65af\u6258\u514b\u65af\u65b9\u7a0b\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u7ef4\u3001\u5b9a\u6001\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7eb3\u7ef4--\u65af\u6258\u514b\u65af\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u660e\u663e\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u91c7\u7528\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u601d\u60f3\u5217\u51fa\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u89e3\u9898\uff1b\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u538b\u5dee\u548c\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Hagen--Poisseuille\u65b9\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7ec6\u5316\u5230\u6d41\u901f\u5206\u5e03\u573a\u7b49\u6d89\u53ca\u573a\u51fd\u6570\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5168\u4e66\u7bc7\u5e45\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002 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\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u4f1a\u81f3\u4eca\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u7a84\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u6d4b\u8fd9\u662f\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002 \u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\uff08rheology\uff09\u53e6\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u662fBingham\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728 Reiner\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6563\u6587\u4e2d\u5c31\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u3002 When I arrived, Bingham said to me, \u201cHere you, a civil engineer, and I, a chemist, are working together at joint problems. With the development of colloid chemistry, such a situation will be more and more common. We therefore must establish a branch of physics where\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8152,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8152","url_meta":{"origin":7911,"position":3},"title":"\u5316\u5b66\u7c7b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3","author":"Andrew","date":"2021\u5e744\u670830\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u751f\u5316\u73af\u6750\u201d\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u79f0\u201c\u5316\u7c7b\u201d\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b66\u79d1\u3002 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Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66","author":"Andrew","date":"2015\u5e741\u670828\u65e5","format":"aside","excerpt":"\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8ba2\u9605ACS\u7684J. Chem. Educ.\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u8fd1\u5bc6\u96c6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u53bb\u627e\u627eJ. Chem. Educ.\u4ece\u521b\u520a\u4ee5\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u3002 \u7528rheology\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u641c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cc\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u6311\u9009\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fa\u6765\u3002 1929\u5e74\u6b63\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u90a3\u5e74\uff0cBingham\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u9664\u4e86\u5c42\u6d41\u548c\u6e4d\u6d41\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6d41\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5c48\u670d\u548c\u5851\u6027\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u80f6\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5bbe\u6c49\u6d41\u4f53\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u30021930\u5e74\uff0cJ. Chem. Educ.\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u5c40\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709Bingham\u3001Reiner\u548cScott-Blair\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u4e2dReiner\u6f14\u8bb2\u9898\u76ee\u7adf\u7136\u53eb\u505aThe General Equation of Flow!\uff08\u539f\u6807\u9898\u5c31\u542b\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5f88\u597d\u5947\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u3002 \u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u8df3\u5230\u4e8660\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cFerry\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u4e5f\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u94fe\u88ab\u63a5\u4f38\u201d\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u71b5\u5f39\u6027\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u8c31\u3002 Weissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u662f1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4e00\u76f4\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u54ea\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u30021961\u5e74Nature\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u86cb\u767d\u6709Weissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u80f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6f14\u793aWeissenberg\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002 \u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u662f1920\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u521a\u597d\u4e5f\u662fStaudinger\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u8bba\u805a\u5408\u300b\u7684\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u590d\u6742\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u80f6\u4f53\u4f53\u7cfb\u6837\u54c1\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u90fd\u53eb\u80f6\u4f53\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\uff08\u5f53\u53ebelastic aftereffect\uff09\u3001\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u526a\u5207\u901f\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f97\u6bd4\u597d\u4e86\uff08\u4ee5Maxwell\u7528\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ebf\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u864e\u514b\u548c\u725b\u987f\u4e3a\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6cca\u8083\u53f6\u3001\u67ef\u897f\u3001Maxwell\u548cBoltzmann\u7b49\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u3002Reiner\u5728\u542c\u8bf4Bingham\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u56de\u590d\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u6709Rivlin\u3001Oldroyd\u3001Noll\u3001Truesdell\u7b49\u4eba\u6cbf\u7740\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7406\u6027\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8def\u5b50\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u771f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u540e\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u518d\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Bingham\u5728J. Chem. Educ.\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u7acb\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u662f\u5851\u6027\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u8ddf\u5f53\u65f6\u5173\u4e8e\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u672c\u6784\u65b9\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3001\u90a3\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff08\u5728Bingham\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e73\u6db2\u6837\u54c1\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a The hydraulicians were not aware that there is more than the one type of flow, and the type with which they were occupied did not\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u4ee5tag\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/tagged"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6668,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/6668","url_meta":{"origin":7911,"position":5},"title":"\u5b8f\u89c2\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5c40\u9650","author":"Andrew","date":"2015\u5e748\u670816\u65e5","format":"aside","excerpt":"\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7J. 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