{"id":7844,"date":"2020-01-02T01:30:56","date_gmt":"2020-01-01T17:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=7844"},"modified":"2022-07-13T03:38:03","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T19:38:03","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8eh-devaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/7844","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1aHenri Devaux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u5929\u5728\u67e5\u9605\u5173\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6db2\u6db2\u754c\u9762\u5438\u9644\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u65e9\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e86Henri Devaux<\/a>\uff0c\u754c\u9762\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001Devaux\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u819c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Devaux\u539f\u672c\u662f\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u60f3\u67e5\u9605\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u57281903\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6e05\u86cb\u767d\u754c\u9762\u5438\u9644\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u73b0\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671f\u520a\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u6211\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u57281931\u5e74\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8868\u9762\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728Journal de Physique et Le Radium\u4e0a[1]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6cd5\u8bed\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u628a\u5927\u6807\u9898\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u3001\u56fe\u9898\u3001\u6458\u8981\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u7b49\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u8c37\u6b4c\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/s>DeepL\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7c97\u7565\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u91cc\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8363\u8a89\u4e3b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002Devaux\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc71931\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u662f\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u819c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u819c\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53d1\u540c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u819c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6db2\u4f53\u6216\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u754c\u9762\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u9762\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53a8\u623f\u505a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u4f60\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u6492\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u80e1\u6912\u7c89\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6ef4\u4e00\u6ef4\u98ce\u6cb9\u7cbe\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u539f\u672c\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6c34\u8868\u9762\u7684\u80e1\u6912\u7c89\u7a81\u7136\u88ab\u8fd9\u6ef4\u98ce\u6cb9\u7cbe\u63a8\u5f00\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u5b8c\u4e00\u5207\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cDevaux\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aQu\u2019on les examine dans le monde inanim\u00e9 ou dans les \u00eatres vivants, ces lames nous montrent un ensemble merveilleux et insoup\u00e7onn\u00e9 encore il y a quelques ann\u00e9es. La mise en surface se r\u00e9v\u00e8le comme une mise en action d\u2019\u00e9nergies qui arrangent partout les mol\u00e9cules et les forces mol\u00e9culaires, avec une pr\u00e9cision et une ampleur qui nous rempliraient d\u2019\u00e9tonnement si nous pouvions les distinguer. L\u2019aspect d\u2019un millim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 d\u2019une lame monomol\u00e9culaire de cire, avec ses 1 000 milliards de mol\u00e9cules, mieux rang\u00e9es que la plus splendide mosa\u00efque, ou celui d\u2019un fragment de membrane nucl\u00e9oplasmique dans une cellule v\u00e9g\u00e9tale ou animale, avec son activit\u00e9 prodigieuse, nous saisirait d\u2019admiration.<\/p>

\u201cQui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 ces choses et qui dispose en ordre leur arm\u00e9e ?\u2026.\u201d pourrions-nous dire en paraphrasant un Proph\u00e8te qui parlait des \u00e9toiles (Esa\u00efe, 40, 26). Mais une telle question d\u00e9passe ce que peut dire la Science humaine [la science faite par les hommes]. Le moindre atome de mati\u00e8re, comme la moindre cellule vivante est et restera toujours un myst\u00e8re ; nous devons nous prosterner devant la souveraine Puissance qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 les mondes, les mol\u00e9cules et les \u00eatres vivants.<\/p>

DeepL\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08\u6211\u4f5c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\uff09\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u673a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u90fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u5999\u7684\u3001\u5374\u76f4\u5230\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u624d\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff1a\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u9762\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u5904\u5904\u5b89\u6392\u7740\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u60ca\u5947\u3002\u4e00\u5e73\u65b9\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u8721\u7247\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5374\u6392\u5217\u5f97\u6bd4\u6700\u534e\u4e3d\u7684\u9a6c\u8d5b\u514b\u3001\u6216\u8005\u690d\u7269\u6216\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u6838\u819c\u8fd8\u8981\u597d\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5176\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8d5e\u53f9\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>

\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u5411\u4e0a\u4e3e\u76ee\uff0c\u770b\u8c01\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u4e07\u8c61\uff0c\u6309\u6570\u76ee\u9886\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e00\u79f0\u5176\u540d\u3002\u2026\u2026\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\u4e00\u4f4d\u8c08\u5230\u661f\u661f\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u53d1\u95ee\uff08\u300a\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\u300b\uff0c40:26\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u79d1\u5b66[\u4eba\u9020\u79d1\u5b66]\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c1c\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u529b\u91cf\u9762\u524d\u8dea\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>p. 268, H.E. Devaux. Les lames tr\u00e8s minces et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques. J. Phys. Radium, 1931, 2 (8)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001Le Roux\u7814\u7a76Devaux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Devaux\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u786e\u5b9e\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u6211\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e13\u95e8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Devaux\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684[2]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662fBenjamin Le Roux<\/a>\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4ee5Devaux\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devaux\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u91ccDevaux\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002Devaux\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5c0f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u76f8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ed6\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6709\u673a\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u65e6\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5c31\u4f1a\u8150\u70c2\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4ece\u4ed6\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u611f\u60f3\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u201c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u76f8\u4fe1\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4e2d\u539f\u672c\u9020\u6210\u4fe1\u4ef0\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u60d1\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u66f4\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u4ed6\u66f4\u52e4\u594b\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devaux\u57281903\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u754c\u9762\u79d1\u5b66\u5148\u9a71\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53d7\u4e3b\u7684\u542f\u793a\u548c\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u624d\u8981\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u4e3b\u7684\u5168\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u5728\u4e4e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4eb2\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u754c\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u5bfc\u5411\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u6247\u95e8\uff08\u54ea\u6015\u4ece\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u81f3\u5c11\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u673a\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u5bfc\u5411\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u7adf\u4e5f\u80fd\u81ea\u53d1\u5bfc\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u6392\u6210\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devaux\u8fd9\u7bc71931\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u6210\u4e86Le Roux\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u8282\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u50cfDevaux\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u8363\u8a89\u4e3b\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728J. de Phys.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671f\u520a\u91cc\u3002\u5728Devaux\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u5019J. de Phys. Radium\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u662f\u6717\u4e4b\u4e07\uff08Paul Langevin\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u521a\u521a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86Union Rationaliste\uff08\u6682\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff09\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5176\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684Wikipedia\u8bcd\u6761\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\uff1aElle lutte contre les diff\u00e9rentes formes de dogmatisme ainsi que contre le recours au surnaturel, et promeut une \u00e9ducation la\u00efque et r\u00e9publicaine. <\/p>

DeepL\uff1a\u5b83\u53cd\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8ffd\u6367\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5021\u4e16\u4fd7\u548c\u5171\u548c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>Wikipedia<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u4e0e\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u76f8\u6096\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6717\u4e4b\u4e07\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002Le Roux\u8fd8\u68c0\u7d22\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u520a\u57281918\u52301939\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u6709Devaux\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u7684\u671f\u520a\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5141\u8bb8\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u5ba3\u626c\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e0d\u52a0\u4fee\u6539\u5730\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Roux\u4eceDevaux\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5728\u201c\u5730\u7403\u5e74\u9f84\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cDevaux\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8003\u53e4\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e03\u5929\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u73b0\u5728\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u592924\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e0a\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u65e5\u5343\u5e74\u8bba\u8005\uff08Day-Age creationist\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5e74\u8f7b\u5730\u7403\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8ba9\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u53ef\u89c1Le Roux\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08\u8c37\u6b4c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devaux\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u969c\u788d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4f46 Devaux \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u5b66\u79d1\u2014\u2014\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5176\u529b\u56fe\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0cDevaux\u90fd\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>

\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u65e5\u5343\u5e74\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u663e\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff0c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u5371\u9669\u7684\u56de\u987e\u6027\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0cDevaux\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>

\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0cDevaux\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u8868\u9762\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u201c\u6b63\u7edf\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u7acb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6392\u65a5\u201d\u8bdd\u8bed\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u57281930\u5e74\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6717\u4e4b\u4e07\uff08Paul Langevin\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6700\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u634d\u536b\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5b97\u6559\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u7559\u51fa\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u8ba9\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u8fbe\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u53ca\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6697\u793a\u3002<\/p>

\u5728Devaux\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f53\u4e2d\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Devaux\u7684\u8bba\u6587[1]<\/a><\/span>\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u5c0f\u8239\u5c3e\u90e8\u7c98\u4e86\u4e00\u5c0f\u5757\u6a1f\u8111\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5c0f\u8239\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u6e38\u884c\u30021890\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5229\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u4f30\u7b97\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u76f4\u5f84[3]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u745e\u5229\u5728\u6c34\u4e0a\u6ef4\u6cb9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5c0f\u8239\u4e0d\u518d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u89c6\u6b64\u523b\u4e3a\u6cb9\u5206\u5b50\u5b8c\u6574\u94fa\u6ee1\u6c34\u9762\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6ef4\u52a0\u7684\u6cb9\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0e\u6c34\u9762\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u745e\u5229\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea6\u4e3a1.63 nm\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u540e\u6765\u768420\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u88ab\u5305\u62ecDevaux\u5728\u5185\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

References<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. <\/a>\nH. Devaux, \"Les lames tr\u00e8s minces et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques\", Journal de Physique et le Radium<\/i>, vol. 2, pp. 237-272, 1931. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1051\/jphysrad:0193100208023700<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n
  2. <\/a>\nR.J. Strutt, \"IV. Measurements of the amount of oil necessary iu order to check the motions of camphor upon water\", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London<\/i>, vol. 47, pp. 364-367, 1890. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1098\/rspl.1889.0099<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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La mise en surface se r\u00e9v\u00e8le comme une mise en action d\u2019\u00e9nergies qui arrangent partout les 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\u901a\u8fc7\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u53cd\u63a8\u60ac\u6d6e\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ddf\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u6211\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u201cmicrorheology\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728M. Reiner\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\uff08Markus Reiner (1943), Ten Lectures on Theoretical Rheology, Rubin Mass\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u8bb2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u8bb2\u4e49\u540e\u6765\u5206\u522b\u57281949\u5e74\u548c1960\u5e74\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff1aM. \u96f7\u8bb7\u8457\uff0c\u90ed\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u8bd1\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e1965\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6307I. \u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a8\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u3002\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201cmacrorheology\u201d\u3002 \u5927\u6982\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71Stanley G. 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Kraemer & R. 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function\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u4ee3\u5165\u5c0f\u5e45\u6b63\u5f26\u632f\u8361\u5e94\u53d8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u77ac\u6001\u5e94\u529b\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u590d\u6570\u6a21\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u901a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u770b\u50bb\u773c\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\u81f4\u89c9\u5f97\u90fd\u61c2\u5f04\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7cbe\u529b\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9Laponite\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u6211\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5df2\u62a5\u9053\u76f8\u56fe\u4e2d\u6807\u660e\u4e3a\u201c\u73bb\u7483\u201d\u7684\u914d\u6bd4\u4f53\u7cfb\u5176\u5b9e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u51dd\u80f6\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u7bc7\u67e5\u9605\u5173\u4e8eLaponite\u76f8\u56fe\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u201c\u4f55\u4e3a\u80f6\u4f53\u73bb\u7483\/\u51dd\u80f6\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u786c\u7403\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u76f8\u8f6c\u53d8\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u6d89\u53ca\u9762\u5c31\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u732e\u603b\u7ed3\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ece2013\u5e74\u52302014\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u5927\u6982\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u641e\u6e05\uff0c\u4e5f\u8c03\u67e5\u6e05\u695a\u628aLaponite\u4f53\u7cfb\u770b\u4f5c\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53f2\u53ca\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54ea\u6015\u7efc\u8ff0\u90fd\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5e08\u5f1f\u53c8\u91cd\u590d\u6211\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5957\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4ed6\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u505a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u53e0\u52a0\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6765\u6211\u63d0\u4e0d\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u53bb\u6574\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bd5\u7adf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u8d28\u91cf\u6709\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u597d\u554a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e08\u5f1f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u662fLaponite\u51dd\u80f6\u5316\u5feb\u6162\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5047\u5982\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u524d\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u805a\u96c6\u6a21\u578b\u518d\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b97\u51fa\u975e\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u60f3\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u7c92\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u7279\u6027\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u52bf\u5c42\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u8ba9\u5e08\u5f1f\u8865\u6d4b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u548cpH\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u9762\u7535\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u732e\u62a5\u9053\u7684zeta\u7535\u52bf\u6765\u4ee3\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u975e\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u60f3\u786c\u7740\u5934\u76ae\u5f80\u4e0b\u7b97\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u5e08\u5f1f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u76d0\u7c92\u5b50\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5168\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u7535\u79bb\u7684\u53cd\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7ffb\u9605H. Ohshima\u7684Theory of Colloid and Interfacial Electric Phenomena\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e66\u4e2d\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9H. Ohshima\u8bf7\u6559\uff0c\u624d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6211\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c5e\u4e8esalt-free system\u6216\u8005counterions-only system\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5230\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u62d6\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u6211\u8001\u677f\u603b\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5f04\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e45\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e45\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u6c34\u5e73\u5dee\u3001\u5916\u884c\u3001\u8d70\u5f2f\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4ed6\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u8d70\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u5f2f\u8def\u3002\u800c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u505a\u7269\u7406\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d70\u5f2f\u8def\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7518\u613f\u518d\u82b1\u4e00\u500d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u6309\u7167\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u518d\u6b63\u786e\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u79bb\u5b50\u51dd\u805a\uff0c\u5c31\u6070\u597d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u975e\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u5f88\u5174\u594b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6295\u8fc7Langmuir\u548cSoft Matter\u90fd\u88ab\u79d2\u62d2\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u53d7\u632b\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u662f\u6295J. Colloid Interf. Sci.\u53cd\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u597d\u8bc4\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8ba9\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6295\u5230\u9886\u57df\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u548cJCR\u5206\u533a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u53e3\u7684\u540c\u884c\u624d\u6709\u5f97\u61c2\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u53c8\u5b66\u77402013\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7Soft Matter\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u521a\u505a\u8fc7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u66f2\u7ebf\u53e0\u52a0\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\u53e0\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8ddf2013\u5e74\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5229\u7528schematic MCT\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u6070\u597d\u770b\u5230\u4e86H. Winter\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u53bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u7c98\u5f39\u8c31\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u552f\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u62df\u5408\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c31\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u51dd\u80f6\u5230\u73bb\u7483\u7684rheological inversion\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee4\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4f7f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u518d\u6d41\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e5f\u60f3\u518d\u6295\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5c31\u4f1a\u987a\u5229\u53d7\u5ba1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u79d2\u62d2\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u53d7\u632b\uff0c\u6295Colloids Surf. A\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u51e0\u6b21\u6295\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u6295\u5230Colloids Surf. A\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u53ea\u597d\u53c8\u5982\u6cd5\u6ce1\u5236\u3002\u8fd8\u5728\u9001\u5ba1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728Baltimore\u89c1\u5230\u4e86H. Winter\u672c\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5411\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6295\u7a3f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u6c42\u4ed6\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed9\u6211\u975e\u5e38nice\u7684\u56de\u590d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u987a\u5229\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u5bf9Laponite\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u52bf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u5bf9\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u660e\u522b\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u7684Laponite\u4f53\u7cfb\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u805a\u96c6\u51dd\u80f6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u7684time-aging time superposition\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u805a\u96c6\u51dd\u80f6\uff08\u5373\u5206\u5f62\u56e2\u7c07\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u7684glassy behavior\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u8fd8\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11\u5728Laponite\u4f53\u7cfb\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709time-X superposition\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dX\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u662fLaponite\u4f53\u7cfb\u7279\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80f6\u4f53\u4f53\u7cfb\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5accLaponite\u4e0d\u591f\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u786c\u7403\u5438\u5f15\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f53\u7cfb\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u63a5\u6709octadecyl\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u7c92\u5b50\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u548c\u63a5\u6709PHSA\u7684PMMA\u7c92\u5b50\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u9760\u53d8\u6e29\u6539\u53d8\u6eb6\u5242\u6027\u8d28\u5f15\u5165\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8eBaxter's sticky ball\u52bf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ebf\u5f62PS\u5f15\u5165\u6392\u7a7a\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662fAsakawa-Oosawa\u52bf\u3002\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11PMMA\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u51dd\u80f6\u7f51\u7edc\u975e\u5e38\u5f31\u3002\u660e\u660e\u5728\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u51dd\u80f6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6837\u54c1\u5374\u50cf\u6c34\u4e00\u6837\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4e1d\u6beb\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u53d8\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u8ddf\u505a\u6a21\u62df\u7684R. 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\u85e4\u7530\u57281954\u5e74\u5230\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u505a\u535a\u540e\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388John Warren Williams\uff081898~1988\uff09\uff08\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22John\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u4ed6Jack Williams\uff09\u7531\u4e8eSvedberg1923\u5e74\u66fe\u9020\u8bbf\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u800c\u5bf9\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u30021934~35\u5e74Jack\u5230Svedberg\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u3002\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u673a\u7684\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u3002Williams\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8da3\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u85e4\u7530\u535a\u6765\u505a\u535a\u540e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u957f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8003\u8651\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u6c89\u964d\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6eb6\u8d28\u6c89\u964d\u8fb9\u754c\u533a\u57df\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5199\u7684\u4e66Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis\uff08Academic Press 1962\uff09\u662f\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5199\u7684Foudations of Ultracentrifugal Analysis\uff08John Wiley & Sons 1975\uff09\u3002\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u85e4\u7530\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u5927\u7ea6\u4ee5de Groot\u7684\u8457\u4f5cThermodynamics of Irreversible Processe\uff08North-Holland 1952\uff09\u548c\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u7684\u8457\u4f5cIntroduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processe\uff08Charles C Thomas 1955\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002 \u4e61\u6751\u9e1f\u77b0 \u57ce\u5e02\u9e1f\u77b0 \u5728\u5ba2\u8f66\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u4eac\u95f9\u5e02 \u4e1c\u4eac\u8857\u9053 \u5c0f\u5b66\u751f \u5de5\u5382 1953\u5e74\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u4e1c\u4eac\u7269\u8bed\u300b\u5267\u7167 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u85e4\u7530\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u64c5\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u642d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc71952\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u88c5\u4e86\u66f4\u65e9\u51e0\u5e74\u62a5\u9053\u5728J. 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