{"id":75,"date":"2006-09-10T07:43:00","date_gmt":"2006-09-10T07:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/walking.72pines.com\/2006\/09\/10\/%e9%98%bf%e4%bf%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b\/"},"modified":"2006-09-10T07:43:00","modified_gmt":"2006-09-10T07:43:00","slug":"%e9%98%bf%e4%bf%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/75","title":{"rendered":"\u963f\u4fe1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"75\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/images3.icxo.com\/20064\/20064110562111.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/images3.icxo.com\/20064\/20064110562111.jpg\" border=\"0\" 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\u85e4\u7530\u57281954\u5e74\u5230\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u505a\u535a\u540e\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388John Warren Williams\uff081898~1988\uff09\uff08\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22John\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u4ed6Jack Williams\uff09\u7531\u4e8eSvedberg1923\u5e74\u66fe\u9020\u8bbf\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u800c\u5bf9\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u30021934~35\u5e74Jack\u5230Svedberg\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u3002\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u673a\u7684\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u3002Williams\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8da3\u79bb\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u85e4\u7530\u535a\u6765\u505a\u535a\u540e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u957f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8003\u8651\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u6c89\u964d\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6eb6\u8d28\u6c89\u964d\u8fb9\u754c\u533a\u57df\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5199\u7684\u4e66Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis\uff08Academic Press 1962\uff09\u662f\u8d85\u79bb\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5199\u7684Foudations of Ultracentrifugal Analysis\uff08John Wiley & Sons 1975\uff09\u3002\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u85e4\u7530\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u5927\u7ea6\u4ee5de Groot\u7684\u8457\u4f5cThermodynamics of Irreversible Processe\uff08North-Holland 1952\uff09\u548c\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u7684\u8457\u4f5cIntroduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processe\uff08Charles C Thomas 1955\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002 \u4e61\u6751\u9e1f\u77b0 \u57ce\u5e02\u9e1f\u77b0 \u5728\u5ba2\u8f66\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u4eac\u95f9\u5e02 \u4e1c\u4eac\u8857\u9053 \u5c0f\u5b66\u751f \u5de5\u5382 1953\u5e74\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u4e1c\u4eac\u7269\u8bed\u300b\u5267\u7167 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u85e4\u7530\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u64c5\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u642d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc71952\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u88c5\u4e86\u66f4\u65e9\u51e0\u5e74\u62a5\u9053\u5728J. 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Phys.\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d53\u5230\u50cf\u51dd\u80f6\u72b6\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u6a21\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u837b\u91ce\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u501f\u7528\u85e4\u7530\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u3002 \u85e4\u7530\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u8f7d\u8377\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u94fe\u6761\u5929\u5e73\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff08\u90e8\u4ef610\u300111\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002 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1996\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6885\u53bf\u5de5\u5546\u94f6\u884c\u9886\u5bfc\u66f4\u66ff\uff0c\u539f\u884c\u957f\u53e4\u8363\u80dc\u4ee5\u53e3\u5934\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201d\u5269\u4f59\u8d44\u91d1180\u4e07\u5143\u201c\u4ea4\u63a5\u201d\u7ed9\u65b0\u4efb\u884c\u957f\u949f\u6d01\u82b3\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u53e4\u8363\u80dc\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u5934\u652f\u7968\u201d\u8fdf\u8fdf\u6ca1\u6709\u5151\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u6c14\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u949f\u6d01\u82b3\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u6885\u53bf\u5de5\u5546\u94f6\u884c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u90e8\u8d26\u76ee\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u90e8\u8d26\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5ba1\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\u3002 \u8499\u51a4\u81ea\u5c3d\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7= 1368.17\u5143 1996\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u656c\u4e1a\u7684\u53e4\u5065\u51fa\u81ea\u597d\u5fc3\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6240\u957f\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u8f6c\u544a\u201c\u8096\u534e\u201d\u529e\u7406\u8f6c\u5b58\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u8096\u534e\u201d24\u4e07\u5143\u5b9a\u671f\u5b58\u6b3e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u671f\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5df2\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6d3b\u671f\u4e86\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u635f\u5931\u8fd1\u4e09\u5343\u5143\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53e4\u5065\u8fd9\u4e00\u597d\u5fc3\u4e3e\u63aa\u5374\u62db\u6765\u4e86\u6740\u8eab\u4e4b\u7978\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u731c\u7591\u53e4\u5065\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4e08\u592b\u6768\u5bb6\u8fdb\u6240\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u8d26\u76ee\u88ab\u67e5\u7684\u201c\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c97\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e4\u5065\u767e\u822c\u6050\u5413\u548c\u5201\u96be\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u53e4\u5065\u7cbe\u795e\u90c1\u95f7\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u8df3\u697c\u672a\u9042\u3002 1997\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5e78\u4e8f\u4e08\u592b\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u53d1\u73b0\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53e4\u5065\u9009\u62e9\u6295\u6cb3\u81ea\u5c3d\u672a\u9042\uff0c\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u53e4\u5065\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u83b7\u77e5\u4e86\u771f\u60c5\u3002 1997\u5e743\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u53e4\u5065\u5728\u6885\u53bf\u7eaa\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u9ec4\u56fd\u5e73\uff0c\u4e66\u8bb0\u6768\u4f18\u68e0\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u63f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9762\u4e3e\u62a5\uff0c3\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u6885\u53bf\u7eaa\u59d4\u4ecb\u5165\u67e5\u5904\u6b64\u6848\u3002 \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6885\u53bf\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e8e1997\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3e\u62a5\u4e2d\u768450\u4e07\u591a\u5143\u4ecd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6885\u53bf\u5de5\u5546\u94f6\u884c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u952d\u5b50\u6865\u50a8\u84c4\u6240\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u89c4\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u62a5\u590d\u518d\u5ea6\u843d\u5728\u53e4\u5065\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u7684\u8ffd\u67e5\uff0c\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u8c29\u9a82\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u7b49\u7cfb\u5217\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c1997\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53e4\u5065\u4e0d\u582a\u91cd\u8d1f\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8df3\u697c\u81ea\u5c3d\uff0c\u6492\u624b\u4eba\u5bf0\u3002 \u4e8b\u6001\u8fdb\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c=\u67e5\u65e0\u5b9e\u636e 1997\u5e746\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u59bb\u5b50\u53e4\u5065\u540e\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u5148\u540e\u4e09\u6b21\u53e3\u5934\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e66\u9762\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u6885\u53bf\u7eaa\u59d4\u8981\u6c42\u4f9d\u7eaa\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8ffd\u7a76\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u7eaa\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u6768\u4f18\u68e0\u5374\u4ee5\u201c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u6027\u8d28\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u80fd\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u201c\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u63a8\u5378\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u776c\u3002 1997\u5e748\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u6885\u5dde\u5e02\u7eaa\u59d4\u4fe1\u8bbf\u5ba4\u7533\u51a4\u7533\u8bc91997\u5e7411\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u6885\u5dde\u5e02\u7eaa\u59d4\u5411\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u53e3\u5934\u901a\u62a5\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u534f\u5546\u5904\u7406\u610f\u89c1\uff1a\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u8fc7\u201d\u5904\u5206\uff0c\u53c2\u7167\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d54\u507f\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u7406\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u8eab\u8865\u507f;\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u6e05\u7406\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u201d\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e3e\u62a5\u6709\u529f\u4eba\u6709\u5956\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\u67e5\u51fa\u4e0a\u4ea4\u8d22\u653f\u201c\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201d\u8d44\u91d1\u6570\u989d\u76843\uff05\u3002 1997\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u6885\u53bf\u8d22\u653f\u5c40\u4f9d\u636e\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u7ed9\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u4e3e\u62a5\u5956\u52b1\u91d1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\uff08\u6885\u7eaa\u53d1[1997] 8\u53f7\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ed9\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u652f\u4ed8\u4e861368.17\u5143\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u5bf9\u5df2\u6545\u59bb\u5b50\u5f53\u5e74\u4e3e\u62a5\u6709\u529f\u7684\u201c\u5956\u52b1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6570\u5b57\u4e0e\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u6e05\u7406\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u5c0f\u91d1\u5e93\u201c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u201d\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u6807\u51c6\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u6700\u4f4e\u662f\u201c\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u8fc7\u201d\u5904\u5206\u548c\u53c2\u7167\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d54\u507f\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u7406\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u8eab\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u8bdd\u3002 \u9676\u660c\u59cb\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u7ef4\u6743\u548c\u4fe1\u8bbf\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6070\u90222008\u5e745\u6708\u4e3a\u201c\u8fce\u5965\u8fd0\uff0c\u4fdd\u5e73\u5b89\u201d\u6cbb\u7406\u91cd\u4fe1\u91cd\u8bbf\u4e13\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c7\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6885\u5dde\u5e02\u7eaa\u59d4\u4fe1\u8bbf\u5ba4\u518d\u6b21\u53d7\u7406\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u7684\u4fe1\u8bbf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65f6\u9694\u534a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fe1\u8bbf\u5ba4\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6797\u5e73\u534e\u5374\u53e3\u5934\u53cd\u9988\u9676\u660c\u59cb\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u5904\u7406\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u201c\u9676\u660c\u59cb\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u613f\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u54ac\u5b9a\u5f53\u5e74\u5f20\u5c0f\u82f1\u5bf9\u53e4\u5065\u6253\u51fb\u62a5\u590d\u8feb\u5bb3\u81f4\u6b7b\u201c\u67e5\u65e0\u5b9e\u636e\u201d\u3002 \u9676\u660c\u59cb\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u548c\u4fe1\u8bbf\u4e4b\u8def\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u8d77\u70b9\u3002 \u7cfb\u5217\u7591\u60d1\u671f\u5f85\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4ecb\u5165\u5173\u6ce8 \u53e4\u5065\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u62a5\u6709\u529f\u7684\u656c\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee51368.17\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u753b\u4e0a\u53e5\u53f7\uff1f\u5373\u4fbf1368.17\u5143\u662f\u4e3e\u62a5\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0e\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u529e\u516c\u5385\uff08\u56fd\u529e\u53d1[1995] 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