{"id":4813,"date":"2012-07-28T10:23:30","date_gmt":"2012-07-28T02:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/?p=4813"},"modified":"2012-07-28T10:23:30","modified_gmt":"2012-07-28T02:23:30","slug":"%e5%85%ac%e5%bc%8f%e8%b6%8a%e5%a4%9a%e6%96%87%e7%ab%a0%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%e7%8e%87%e8%b6%8a%e4%bd%8e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/4813","title":{"rendered":"\u516c\u5f0f\u8d8a\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"4813\">\n<p><span style=\"float: left; padding: 5px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.researchblogging.org\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ResearchBlogging.org\" src=\"http:\/\/www.researchblogging.org\/public\/citation_icons\/rb2_mid.png\" style=\"border:0;\"\/><\/a><\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&#038;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&#038;rft.jtitle=PNAS&#038;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1205259109&#038;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fresearchblogging.org&#038;rft.atitle=Heavy+use+of+equations+impedes+communication+among+biologists&#038;rft.issn=&#038;rft.date=2012&#038;rft.volume=109&#038;rft.issue=29&#038;rft.spage=11735&#038;rft.epage=11739&#038;rft.artnum=&#038;rft.au=Tim+W.+Fawcett+and+Andrew+D.+Higginson&#038;rfe_dat=bpr3.included=1;bpr3.tags=Social+Science\">Tim W. Fawcett and Andrew D. Higginson (2012). Heavy use of equations impedes communication among biologists <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">PNAS, 109<\/span> (29), 11735-11739 DOI: <a rev=\"review\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1205259109\">10.1073\/pnas.1205259109<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7684\u5199\u5728paper\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u82f1\u8bed\u662fequation\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u5047\u5982\u8981\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5bf9\u5b9a\u91cf\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u673a\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u516c\u5f0f\u8d8a\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u822c\u53ea\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u8bfb\u8005\u201c\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u54ea\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4f18\u9009\u5f15\u54ea\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5bfc\u5168\u90fd\u5f52\u5165\u5230appendix\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u516c\u5f0f\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u628a\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f52\u5165appendix\u6216\u8005supporting information\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7a81\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u96be\u602a\u5f88\u591a\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u7684article\u6b63\u6587\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u9875\uff0csupporting information\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u9875\u4e86\u3002\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u62fc\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ea\u91cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u91cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5f97\u6d6e\u8e81\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f9d\u9760\u6d6e\u8e81\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4f1a\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u6c14\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u8fc7\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 4813 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tim W. Fawcett and Andrew D. Higginson (2012). Heavy use of equations impedes communication among biologists PNAS, 109 (29), 11735-11739 DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.1205259109 \u9996\u5148\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7684\u5199\u5728paper\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u82f1\u8bed\u662fequation\u3002 \u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u5047\u5982\u8981\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5bf9\u5b9a\u91cf\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u673a\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u516c\u5f0f\u8d8a\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u822c\u53ea\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u8bfb\u8005\u201c\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u54ea\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4f18\u9009\u5f15\u54ea\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5bfc\u5168\u90fd\u5f52\u5165\u5230appendix\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u516c\u5f0f\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u628a\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f52\u5165appendix\u6216\u8005supporting information\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7a81\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u96be\u602a\u5f88\u591a\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u7684article\u6b63\u6587\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u9875\uff0csupporting information\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u9875\u4e86\u3002\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u62fc\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ea\u91cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u91cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5f97\u6d6e\u8e81\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f9d\u9760\u6d6e\u8e81\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4f1a\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u6c14\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u8fc7\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[212],"tags":[98,134],"class_list":["post-4813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tagged","tag-journal","tag-paper"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1aPvF-1fD","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9338,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/9338","url_meta":{"origin":4813,"position":0},"title":"\u201c\u6ce8\uff1a\u516c\u5f0f(x)\u662f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u9152\u5427\u91cc\u63a8\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u65c5\u8d39\u662fNSF\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u3002\u201d","author":"Andrew","date":"2025\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5","format":"aside","excerpt":"Stockmayer, W.H. and Fixman, M. 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big three\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u5b66\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u505a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u51dd\u80f6\u5316\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u8ddf\u6bcf\u5468\u770b\u5230\u7684Science\u548cNature\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u62ff\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u8bf4\uff1a The big three try to be general; they will, in principle, publish reports from any discipline, and they anticipate readership from a range of disciplines. This explicit generality means that the scientific results must not only be of general interest, but also highly significant. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u96c6&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u96c6","link":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/category\/featured"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8815,"url":"https:\/\/www.andrewsun.net\/panta_rhei\/archives\/8815","url_meta":{"origin":4813,"position":5},"title":"\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u4e8c\uff09","author":"Andrew","date":"2023\u5e742\u670813\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"2. \u6587\u5b57\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u98ce\u683c \u7ffb\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u64b0\u5199\u89c4\u8303\u300b\u6216style 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2.1 \u8bed\u6cd5 \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5410\u69fd\u5b66\u751f\u201c\u8bed\u6587\u6ca1\u5b66\u597d\u201d\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u751f\u72af\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u5206\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u62e5\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb2\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u516c\u9053\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u6587\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u6d45\u4e86\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u82f1\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u8bcd\u6c47\u5230\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8bba\u98ce\u683c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u603b\u7ed3\u2014\u2014\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8ff0\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8bed\u6587\u6216\u82f1\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u624b\u628a\u624b\u5730\u6559\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u53bb\u529e\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3cGrammarly\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u627e\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u6da6\u8272\u673a\u6784\u53bb\u641e\u5b9a\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u80fd\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u975e\u201c\u6392\u7248\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8bba\u6587\u6da6\u8272\u673a\u6784\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u201d\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u4f60\u7684\u6392\u7248\u3002 \u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8ff0\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u3002Language presentation should be clear and accurate. \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u63d0\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a1. \u5355\u8bcd\u62fc\u5199\uff08spelling\uff09\uff1b2. \u7528\u8bcd\uff08diction\uff09\uff1b3. \u6807\u70b9\uff08punctuation\uff09\uff1b4. \u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u5355\u4f4d\u3002 2.2 \u5355\u8bcd\u62fc\u5199 \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5355\u8bcd\u62fc\u5199\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u5f62\uff08plural forms\uff09\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u590d\u5f62\u62fc\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5355\u8bcd \u4e0a\u56fe\u6309\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u5206\u4e86\u7ec4\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u53cd\u4e09\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982analysis\u7684\u590d\u5f62\u662fanalyses\uff0c\u5750\u6807\u8f74axis\u7684\u590d\u5f62\u662faxes\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5f62\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u62fc\u5199\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff08possessives\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230\u591a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Kanter and Marshall's 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\u6ce8\u610f\u76f8\u8fd1\u610f\u4e49\u8bcd\uff08\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a about\/approximate between\/among comprise\/compose\/consist \u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u590d\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u504f\u89c1\uff08bias\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6027\u522b\u4e2d\u6027\uff08gender neutrality\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\u4e0d\u8bf4mankind\u800c\u8bf4humans\/human beings\uff0c\u201c\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u201d\u4e0d\u8bf4speakman\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bf4speakwoman\u800c\u7528speakperson\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u6b8b\u7f3a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u504f\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u5728\u793e\u79d1\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u7c7b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u78b0\u5230\u3002 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